Overall Performance

RQ1. In a broad and shared task space, where are EEG FMs competitive with or stronger than task-specific supervised models?

Score Matrices

EEG foundation models and supervised baseline models are compared across benchmark datasets and tasks, with color intensity showing relative performance within each task.

Unsupported

Balanced Accuracy

Dataset · task · splitBaseline ModelsFoundation Models
ADFCNNATCNetBiDANNCTNetDBConformerDeepConvNetDeepSleepNetEEGConformerEEGInceptionERPEEGNetEEGNeXEEGWaveNetFBCNetHSLTIFNetMSCFormerMSVTNetShallowConvNetSleepEEGNetSleepTransformerSlimSeizTMSA-NetTSceptionU-SleepYASABENDRBIOT · Prest 16chBIOT · Shhs Prest 18chBIOT · Six Datasets 18chCBraModCodeBrainCSBrainEEGMambaEEGPTLaBraMLEADLUNA · BaseLUNA · LargemdJPTMIRepNetNeuroGPTNeuroRVQREVE · BaseREVE · Large
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestWS0.500.610.580.530.500.600.8880.85100.520.510.620.530.540.500.550.500.500.9060.9330.560.500.570.720.8870.480.85---0.840.9140.9050.640.740.700.9610.780.790.500.500.8690.500.9520.57
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestCS0.500.510.550.510.500.500.610.660.470.500.530.490.500.500.500.500.500.7070.68100.510.680.510.650.6980.500.725---0.8210.7630.7260.650.7340.630.7920.6990.650.500.500.670.500.670.56
TUEVEpileptiform EventsWS0.490.620.74100.630.620.290.610.650.650.520.690.520.630.250.640.600.520.730.720.590.710.660.670.8080.450.69---0.8810.8530.8350.720.8090.700.8440.8520.8070.250.250.660.250.8160.64
TUEVEpileptiform EventsCS0.390.7050.260.6970.6490.250.270.570.620.460.6780.340.7040.250.7130.64100.350.7060.520.420.500.7210.620.380.450.28---0.430.260.250.440.390.530.440.370.480.250.250.540.250.380.722
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionWS0.640.900.940.900.900.500.880.910.910.820.920.880.91-0.910.890.850.9770.950.870.950.910.920.9750.790.92---0.9760.9730.9810.950.9720.950.9740.9690.95100.500.500.930.500.9680.86
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionCS0.560.92100.9290.900.9270.500.690.900.910.690.9340.870.86-0.9280.890.880.890.900.860.9260.890.9430.9410.840.82---0.880.880.840.900.9350.900.9420.910.920.500.500.880.500.790.86
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.600.650.750.640.630.640.810.650.680.620.700.680.640.500.640.630.580.760.820.840.720.660.700.8580.510.53---0.8650.8560.8570.84100.500.500.8810.8640.8630.500.500.600.500.8820.849
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.580.650.6940.630.6780.640.650.640.650.630.6770.660.6790.520.640.650.590.630.650.650.640.650.7030.66100.530.50---0.650.650.630.640.560.500.7210.6950.6860.500.500.580.500.7220.65
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionWS0.500.540.770.620.660.630.610.660.510.460.490.500.440.500.630.550.490.730.600.430.730.640.490.8760.650.63---0.80100.8840.8570.8380.790.780.8750.9020.8930.500.500.8190.500.9210.60
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionCS0.500.520.630.500.500.630.570.550.510.490.510.500.500.500.530.520.490.500.500.530.570.560.500.6880.560.42---0.7730.7540.6690.65100.580.7350.7810.650.600.500.500.7260.500.7720.697
TUSLSlowing + SeizureWS0.420.440.670.350.360.400.610.410.400.370.540.330.440.330.480.420.480.660.620.420.520.560.430.7790.350.48---0.8060.8520.8440.71100.690.7780.8430.8250.7970.330.330.510.330.8910.43
TUSLSlowing + SeizureCS0.4480.370.230.360.330.350.230.320.320.340.310.330.360.330.360.340.250.340.400.330.41100.360.330.320.4760.36---0.6220.7010.5830.370.4570.5640.5250.380.300.330.330.350.330.4490.33
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessWS0.52-0.6280.600.500.560.610.610.610.560.6360.500.570.510.540.500.530.590.6290.6350.530.520.590.590.500.50---0.570.500.6370.560.540.570.62100.600.610.570.520.6720.6540.7010.673
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessCS0.48-0.6370.570.500.60100.590.580.6190.6630.6180.500.590.500.510.500.520.490.570.6550.500.510.520.600.500.60---0.480.500.510.590.500.6560.560.540.560.500.520.590.6820.6640.691
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionWS0.51-0.590.600.500.500.610.500.6480.410.62100.500.560.500.500.500.500.470.540.7150.500.500.440.7240.500.60---0.7610.7230.742-0.6670.6860.620.6390.500.500.500.500.50--
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionCS0.50-0.590.610.500.500.620.500.64100.490.630.500.560.500.500.500.500.460.570.7050.500.500.450.7130.500.50---0.7810.7140.7420.7060.500.6780.640.6870.6590.500.500.500.50--
SEEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.430.650.7480.660.660.600.640.680.660.590.7190.660.680.370.670.630.620.8040.690.500.680.71100.7950.690.470.35---0.360.640.600.8720.520.690.7860.7870.8330.650.560.62-0.8910.61
SEEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.450.510.500.510.530.470.510.5390.490.470.500.490.520.350.500.5530.510.5450.5720.420.53100.5440.490.5370.440.33---0.490.470.490.520.490.480.480.5460.500.5380.430.48-0.5810.33
FACEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.120.31100.300.3480.160.3940.220.5010.3570.3750.4220.130.190.110.3190.160.120.3930.280.270.210.170.170.160.120.12---0.130.110.120.3660.140.150.260.260.20-0.160.16-0.280.22
FACEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.110.2790.230.3160.130.3530.190.4610.3170.3250.3720.140.180.110.260.140.120.3240.220.240.180.160.160.150.130.13---0.120.110.120.2980.140.140.230.250.2710-0.150.19-0.250.20
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingWS0.540.560.69100.560.600.630.590.590.600.530.590.640.590.500.570.550.520.7430.7340.600.7090.680.7070.630.500.50---0.030.570.510.7080.9010.540.7250.670.716-0.570.58-0.7820.56
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingCS0.510.500.510.510.500.500.480.500.000.500.5180.510.510.500.5190.5250.500.5420.500.500.5430.51100.500.5270.500.34---0.500.500.450.5340.500.500.5260.5510.51-0.500.49-0.480.47
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingWS0.270.260.4080.280.300.260.330.300.290.250.330.330.290.250.280.270.250.4830.4640.320.39100.4170.4090.360.250.25---0.250.260.280.4260.512-0.4450.350.37-0.310.33-0.5310.30
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingCS0.250.250.250.250.250.260.260.250.2740.26100.250.250.250.260.2680.260.250.250.250.260.260.2820.260.2760.2670.25---0.250.250.2810.260.230.260.2750.260.273-0.2690.22-0.250.25
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingWS0.510.230.5970.510.500.510.570.540.520.500.540.520.510.510.510.500.510.6810.6620.530.6330.6150.6060.58100.500.50---0.500.510.520.5890.6340.500.570.560.50-0.540.56-0.5880.51
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingCS0.480.280.500.500.490.500.490.510.5190.500.500.490.500.5230.5160.500.500.490.500.490.5180.500.490.490.500.50---0.470.5170.350.5210.47-0.5150.480.50-0.490.524-0.5220.5110
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.510.700.650.720.600.680.7430.710.72100.710.7420.620.630.500.700.7380.520.660.630.7370.520.60-0.700.500.50---0.7450.7360.7390.720.500.72-0.71---0.570.500.7610.744
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MICS0.510.7060.610.7080.630.690.680.690.7090.680.7120.600.610.510.690.7110.490.640.570.7040.530.55-0.680.510.52---0.690.690.670.670.500.7050.580.6910-0.500.50-0.500.7030.707
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegWS0.390.680.680.670.490.640.7170.650.670.600.69100.460.600.250.630.620.370.7330.7150.7340.580.540.520.7160.290.39---0.250.420.630.640.480.64-0.680.708-0.490.520.7620.8310.699
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegCS0.380.530.530.580.480.600.610.540.6680.590.600.420.530.250.6490.550.350.7130.6670.7040.540.580.500.580.300.25---0.250.390.62100.610.440.686-0.61-0.705--0.7910.7420.59
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveWS0.300.700.670.700.600.570.700.690.700.600.7290.360.640.340.650.650.410.7540.7530.71100.610.650.540.7460.360.33---0.330.400.630.660.550.60-0.7450.728-0.600.620.7720.8310.727
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveCS0.390.640.560.620.640.630.6760.630.630.610.620.340.65100.390.630.630.440.6770.650.7320.570.630.510.6680.410.55---0.330.390.640.7030.6690.684-0.675----0.7910.630.64
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.370.800.750.81100.720.780.8260.780.8190.780.8270.000.730.500.750.790.550.8280.8240.8330.770.800.680.8250.510.79---0.500.500.540.690.720.75-0.780.800.730.72-0.8420.8610.80
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.270.8450.680.820.730.8540.770.750.8470.8480.84100.620.77-0.8520.810.620.8710.800.810.760.8530.750.770.500.50---0.500.500.730.740.800.849-0.81---0.720.8460.780.77
Large-MIHand vs Leg MIWS0.500.770.78100.760.690.720.770.740.760.690.8050.530.720.540.740.720.570.8130.8060.8040.730.690.710.7970.530.50---0.500.580.760.7880.660.76-0.77----0.8420.8710.789
Large-MIHand vs Leg MICS0.310.7540.670.700.660.650.7390.680.7470.650.680.510.650.530.690.670.540.7450.700.7460.690.680.670.720.530.70---0.500.620.630.700.640.763-0.72100.738---0.8610.7820.67
Large-MIIndividual FingersWS0.210.40100.390.390.310.370.4170.380.370.370.4250.240.320.200.350.360.210.4260.4180.4620.320.290.280.360.220.20---0.200.210.320.340.220.38-0.4090.37---0.4530.5210.444
Large-MIIndividual FingersCS0.220.310.270.300.270.3390.310.310.32100.3360.3380.230.280.200.290.3370.210.270.300.3630.260.250.230.300.210.20---0.200.200.240.250.240.371------0.3640.3720.335
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueWS0.260.630.640.630.450.580.65100.590.620.540.6680.430.550.200.570.590.310.6930.6670.6740.540.460.470.6760.230.32---0.200.310.570.600.370.61-0.669----0.7120.8010.675
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueCS0.270.520.530.550.500.560.57100.500.5980.510.6260.430.470.200.510.500.320.6620.6170.6630.500.450.440.550.240.30---0.200.280.5890.560.420.635-0.56----0.7210.6440.52
Large-MIWith RestWS0.18-0.5340.420.320.360.45100.390.400.290.410.320.420.090.350.380.280.410.5060.4780.440.380.400.4870.110.14---0.090.150.090.440.340.515-0.5430.5620.459--0.591--
Large-MIWith RestCS0.34-0.420.410.410.380.4390.390.4380.330.420.400.4670.170.410.400.360.380.43100.5230.360.380.390.4850.210.16---0.170.190.170.4940.360.591-0.476----0.582--
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetWS0.290.5870.510.5790.460.520.550.560.540.540.6040.360.500.250.510.540.290.510.540.57100.500.470.440.5880.280.47---0.6130.6120.6210.560.460.250.5950.56-0.250.250.470.250.5960.57
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetCS0.290.5190.470.500.430.470.500.500.490.500.5350.350.460.250.480.490.330.470.490.5270.440.430.410.5430.270.42---0.5610.5440.5520.5180.460.50-0.490.5110--0.460.250.450.526
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.510.790.740.8190.700.760.740.770.790.780.80100.630.730.510.740.770.540.750.750.760.730.700.680.8310.520.75---0.8320.8340.8250.790.740.760.8330.818-0.500.500.770.500.8260.817
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.530.75100.720.750.710.740.710.750.750.7740.7770.610.720.500.720.750.570.720.740.740.710.690.660.7820.490.73---0.8110.7750.776-0.63--0.71---0.7680.500.7830.769
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MIWS0.500.630.640.570.500.6690.6780.6850.600.560.640.520.55-0.520.500.500.650.66100.630.600.540.580.6860.500.677---0.7210.6840.7120.640.590.64-0.65--0.500.610.500.640.703
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MICS0.500.630.620.560.500.630.6480.6490.620.540.64100.490.54-0.540.500.500.6570.630.610.580.500.560.6560.500.61---0.6920.6850.6840.630.550.63-0.62-0.50-0.610.500.7210.693
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.507---0.5820.5360.5540.5730.5550.50-0.508-0.509--0.50100.6010.50
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.5080.5090.50100.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.500.506---0.5510.470.500.5150.5420.49------0.5070.5230.514
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MIWS0.530.520.590.6390.570.550.560.6730.500.500.6550.500.590.500.510.590.570.540.7310.620.580.610.540.6740.510.50---0.62100.6480.656-0.6570.49-0.610.59---0.500.7220.50
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MICS0.550.6650.530.7230.64100.600.540.7620.500.500.6490.500.500.500.530.6560.520.520.8010.7240.510.520.520.620.490.50---0.520.500.59-0.500.530.6480.55-0.500.50-0.500.6570.47
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.260.4690.420.4750.260.310.410.4770.410.400.5130.250.380.250.400.260.300.400.5710.400.390.370.380.400.260.25---0.4940.45100.468-0.370.330.4760.43----0.250.5620.41
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.250.250.300.4470.260.40100.390.4450.400.4180.5010.250.290.250.250.260.280.260.4920.4190.260.260.370.320.250.25---0.4630.400.40-0.250.31-0.390.39--0.4460.250.4540.37
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MIWS0.500.610.600.6770.500.510.580.600.460.040.480.500.59-0.620.480.500.560.500.630.550.500.320.7020.500.50---0.7030.6850.6760.64100.560.60-0.6840.669---0.500.7310.668
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MICS0.530.560.560.59100.500.580.520.510.47-0.530.500.51-0.6910.500.500.550.510.560.510.500.520.6660.500.50---0.6920.6750.6840.6090.530.57-0.628----0.500.6830.647
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.640.740.710.750.680.730.720.730.7670.720.7840.690.680.510.720.710.680.7660.670.7590.670.720.720.7680.500.66---0.500.510.630.690.700.75100.8220.720.73--0.750.8230.8710.775
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MICS0.640.73100.670.7370.660.710.710.710.7360.720.7630.660.690.490.710.700.660.7380.660.7450.650.670.670.7640.500.50---0.500.520.640.670.690.72------0.8220.8510.739
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.450.740.720.77100.650.740.730.7780.730.680.8250.550.680.330.730.660.540.8420.7790.730.650.690.710.720.380.52---0.8430.8340.8070.710.630.600.8160.75-0.33-0.740.330.8910.71
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.460.7550.640.7560.680.700.660.8020.670.7380.7470.450.630.350.710.700.510.680.620.710.550.650.480.640.380.55---0.7290.7640.7630.690.550.60--0.7110---0.330.8010.67
HGDLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.500.7750.670.7680.600.7590.750.7760.740.740.8220.610.630.500.690.590.540.7940.730.720.670.710.660.630.490.50---0.8130.7670.75100.710.610.57-0.70--0.50-0.500.8810.70
HGDLeft/Right Hand MICS0.500.7760.550.7590.590.7840.680.8020.7930.7670.730.570.590.500.680.610.570.670.630.7680.590.590.550.630.520.50---0.7750.740.74100.680.540.50--0.66---0.500.8010.67
HGDHand vs Feet MIWS0.740.920.9470.920.890.890.900.890.9290.850.9540.800.89-0.9380.900.770.9620.920.870.860.890.92100.900.500.80---0.9630.9550.890.880.860.91--0.946--0.870.500.9710.87
HGDHand vs Feet MICS0.660.9020.850.8880.730.740.840.88100.810.9040.8890.730.81-0.880.720.660.790.740.870.710.770.680.780.500.75---0.9050.9030.8870.870.710.84-0.896----0.500.9610.85
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionWS0.750.840.8640.830.810.580.8480.820.8490.800.8630.800.810.680.820.820.760.8650.830.820.800.810.830.84100.670.64---0.790.660.680.820.760.790.8570.856----0.8910.8720.81
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionCS0.690.730.720.7390.710.580.710.700.720.720.7550.710.730.650.720.73100.700.7460.710.7480.700.700.710.7470.620.65---0.710.600.630.700.730.73--0.763--0.710.8010.7920.764
Meng2019Cursor ControlWS0.640.710.730.700.690.690.720.730.700.670.73100.700.680.490.710.680.670.7470.7540.700.720.7480.720.7460.510.61---0.520.560.610.660.680.70-0.745---0.7530.7620.8110.749
Meng2019Cursor ControlCS0.480.530.510.520.460.490.550.480.540.510.5970.480.560.500.540.470.490.6140.550.540.550.550.560.6150.500.596---0.520.59100.560.5980.5990.51--0.58---0.6820.7010.643
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestWS0.470.660.7140.660.630.540.7150.660.660.620.6970.640.640.440.640.640.600.7230.6980.660.640.660.660.6890.410.41---0.340.460.520.640.550.60-0.706---0.670.7620.7910.6710
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestCS0.420.500.490.480.490.420.5350.480.480.470.50100.490.5190.410.490.490.450.5440.450.5270.460.440.480.5180.400.39---0.330.410.460.490.470.48-0.536----0.6020.6710.583
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classWS0.450.690.570.650.650.330.7520.620.660.630.7370.570.620.200.690.630.640.690.7610.460.700.610.640.73100.51--0.7540.7530.7390.690.720.72---0.7380.735----0.7360.61
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classCS0.510.70100.520.640.630.270.7350.580.640.620.690.560.620.200.670.620.650.640.7190.450.700.610.630.7510.48--0.7360.7340.700.620.640.743---0.7420.737----0.7280.58
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classWS0.340.580.480.550.550.280.6440.510.560.530.62100.490.530.170.590.540.550.590.6420.420.590.530.530.6290.46--0.6350.6360.6380.590.610.61---0.6410.637----0.6430.53
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classCS0.400.590.440.540.550.230.6090.490.540.510.590.480.520.170.560.540.550.530.6180.340.60100.520.520.6270.43--0.6320.6310.590.530.170.634---0.6330.625----0.6260.51
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.700.850.690.870.870.710.780.800.830.840.8880.550.86-0.860.850.8940.880.8920.700.870.8860.8890.8930.60--0.880.880.8950.88100.880.87---0.880.887----0.9010.82
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.630.850.650.8930.860.630.670.740.750.820.870.600.85-0.870.860.8940.880.9010.740.8890.8870.880.880.60--0.8880.880.88100.880.870.896---0.860.895----0.8920.84
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.590.830.710.840.840.410.8590.800.84100.810.8630.090.76-0.820.820.8640.810.8720.760.810.840.8580.810.59--0.8570.8650.840.840.840.82---0.8560.83----0.8710.79
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.590.810.700.8560.820.390.790.720.820.790.8540.570.80-0.820.810.8710.810.8620.780.84100.8490.8570.830.60--0.8580.8550.810.810.820.83---0.810.82----0.8630.82
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.640.910.760.9360.900.920.800.860.920.860.910.920.890.500.910.870.9350.910.9280.820.910.9290.900.9330.76----0.9340.9420.910.89---0.92100.937----0.9410.87
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.570.830.710.820.830.820.680.790.8490.820.8740.820.840.500.830.810.840.84100.830.790.8480.830.830.830.77----0.8830.8810.8750.882---0.840.857----0.8760.82
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.440.8660.640.8690.830.8920.820.820.810.660.840.780.760.330.850.780.850.85100.8930.730.8670.810.790.8840.54----0.9010.8850.850.77---0.850.84----0.8680.77
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.470.7930.560.750.730.7860.750.700.720.670.7870.680.7690.350.7850.700.740.750.760.680.7920.730.740.7840.57----0.7910.76100.750.72---0.760.778----0.750.71
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.490.500.490.5270.500.500.510.500.300.500.270.500.500.480.500.51100.500.480.5280.5340.5290.510.470.510.500.50---0.6410.510.5520.5350.500.5260.510.50----0.500.500.553
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.370.490.490.480.5190.500.510.5180.490.450.500.500.490.500.5270.510.490.490.500.500.51100.500.170.500.470.50---0.6510.500.6420.5360.500.555-----0.490.500.5730.554
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.460.620.510.660.500.490.7980.500.620.510.710.500.550.510.520.500.510.560.500.7990.470.520.490.8070.490.50---0.8930.8350.8920.76100.500.826-0.50----0.500.9010.844
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.480.630.500.690.510.500.7980.470.630.550.700.500.540.500.580.500.500.550.490.8170.510.510.520.7690.490.50---0.9010.8530.8920.72100.500.836---0.50--0.500.8540.835
MigraineDB4-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.530.490.9580.690.630.520.830.700.480.500.880.600.690.500.720.530.570.94100.820.730.820.860.9590.930.500.50---0.9940.9950.9860.911.0020.77-0.977-0.52-0.851.0011.0030.73
MigraineDB6-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.570.590.930.670.600.650.850.710.520.500.860.560.710.500.700.510.500.9480.850.720.820.850.9390.900.510.50---1.0040.9950.9770.881.0020.770.9960.9310---0.861.0011.0030.75
MigraineDB4-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.550.640.9190.660.680.670.820.720.600.610.91100.500.750.500.690.610.600.890.810.730.800.810.9280.860.500.50---1.0040.9950.9470.891.0010.87-0.966--0.510.831.0021.0030.78
MigraineDBResting Migraine DetectionWS0.700.850.990.920.940.510.960.860.880.750.980.830.950.500.960.890.761.0080.960.850.960.981.0041.0070.610.50---1.0010.99101.0090.951.002--1.0061.005-0.50-1.003-0.70
MigraineDB6-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.550.640.9180.660.670.680.810.730.620.500.9090.570.740.500.710.510.620.890.820.740.820.840.900.880.510.50---0.9950.9940.9460.90101.0030.85-0.947----1.0011.0020.79
MigraineDBSSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.550.750.9990.860.860.940.910.840.850.670.960.730.93-0.920.800.750.99100.890.810.910.961.0070.980.510.50---1.0031.0061.0080.951.0010.851.005---0.51-1.0041.0020.84
MigraineDBSSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.540.860.960.870.870.790.870.780.780.720.96100.690.93-0.890.810.800.9690.870.820.890.930.9970.9880.540.50---1.0021.0051.0060.951.0040.95---0.50--1.0011.0030.86
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MIWS0.470.490.490.500.510.490.500.5330.500.5290.490.500.500.500.500.500.5260.500.490.5420.5250.500.500.510.490.51---0.5510.490.49-0.490.49-0.534-0.5210--0.5280.490.527
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MICS0.420.5290.5550.500.470.510.500.5360.500.5530.500.500.5370.500.5620.460.490.480.500.52100.5540.500.510.480.510.47---0.510.470.500.480.470.50-0.50----0.5610.510.528
BCIC-IV-1Left Hand vs Foot MIWS0.400.500.5940.500.460.500.490.490.500.480.500.500.510.500.510.420.450.500.470.6030.5490.460.5770.500.490.651---0.500.53100.575-0.520.510.6520.576--0.568-0.510.530.51

Cohen's Kappa

Dataset · task · splitBaseline ModelsFoundation Models
ADFCNNATCNetBiDANNCTNetDBConformerDeepConvNetDeepSleepNetEEGConformerEEGInceptionERPEEGNetEEGNeXEEGWaveNetFBCNetHSLTIFNetMSCFormerMSVTNetShallowConvNetSleepEEGNetSleepTransformerSlimSeizTMSA-NetTSceptionU-SleepYASABENDRBIOT · Prest 16chBIOT · Shhs Prest 18chBIOT · Six Datasets 18chCBraModCodeBrainCSBrainEEGMambaEEGPTLaBraMLEADLUNA · BaseLUNA · LargemdJPTMIRepNetNeuroGPTNeuroRVQREVE · BaseREVE · Large
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestWS0.010.270.190.090.000.180.7390.640.060.030.260.030.100.000.140.000.000.8240.8430.140.000.150.370.737-0.040.738---0.71100.7960.8050.280.420.390.9110.500.530.000.000.680.000.8620.12
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestCS-0.000.030.110.030.00-0.000.260.27-0.060.010.08-0.010.010.000.010.000.000.4540.330.040.4150.040.260.3780.000.397---0.5220.4530.34100.320.3590.240.6210.330.250.000.000.4060.000.290.10
TUEVEpileptiform EventsWS0.460.730.890.750.730.100.720.790.780.560.820.570.750.000.770.710.560.9190.900.680.890.800.810.9180.440.86---0.9340.9420.9250.850.9260.870.9510.9270.91100.000.000.810.000.9430.70
TUEVEpileptiform EventsCS0.160.5910.310.5550.390.000.130.280.4680.050.5360.020.400.000.5730.4590.45100.5640.300.210.380.5820.410.440.100.14---0.260.250.330.310.360.320.4670.310.300.000.000.180.000.310.36
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionWS0.310.790.880.800.790.000.720.830.810.630.840.750.82-0.830.780.690.9460.91100.750.910.820.850.9450.590.84---0.9470.9430.9510.900.9420.910.9440.9290.910.000.000.870.000.9280.73
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionCS0.020.6810.400.5770.530.000.500.340.490.080.53100.470.32-0.6050.450.5680.510.430.240.5590.6620.5960.6430.170.32---0.380.430.6140.300.490.510.470.520.490.000.000.370.000.510.31
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.190.310.490.280.260.280.620.300.350.250.390.360.280.010.270.260.150.520.640.680.440.330.390.6980.010.06---0.7150.7160.7170.68100.000.000.7610.7340.7330.000.000.200.000.7520.699
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.170.290.3840.270.3480.280.300.280.300.260.3570.310.3490.040.280.300.190.250.290.300.290.290.3930.31100.060.00---0.300.310.260.280.120.000.4410.3750.3560.000.000.150.000.4420.29
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionWS0.000.070.530.240.310.260.220.310.02-0.09-0.010.00-0.110.000.260.10-0.010.460.21-0.140.450.27-0.020.7560.290.26---0.60100.7540.7070.6780.580.550.7550.8020.7830.000.000.6390.000.8510.20
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionCS0.000.040.26-0.000.000.270.130.090.01-0.030.020.000.000.000.050.03-0.030.000.000.050.150.120.000.3680.13-0.16---0.5330.5040.3190.31100.160.4750.5610.310.210.000.000.4360.000.5420.397
TUSLSlowing + SeizureWS0.120.150.510.020.040.110.420.110.100.050.310.000.160.000.210.120.220.480.430.120.270.330.160.6490.030.24---0.6960.7720.7640.56100.530.6680.7630.7350.6870.000.000.250.000.8410.15
TUSLSlowing + SeizureCS0.1480.04-0.100.020.000.04-0.09-0.01-0.010.00-0.000.000.010.000.020.01-0.090.010.11100.000.100.040.000.000.186-0.01---0.3920.5210.3350.070.1390.3330.3340.10-0.010.000.000.010.000.1870.01
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessWS0.04-0.2680.24100.000.120.230.230.2770.110.3040.000.160.010.100.000.080.210.2690.2860.080.040.190.190.000.00---0.100.000.220.110.080.150.220.190.200.170.060.3520.2950.3810.323
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessCS-0.02-0.2190.160.000.160.160.190.2650.2180.2560.000.190.000.040.000.05-0.020.150.2730.010.030.040.190.000.2010----0.010.000.020.16-0.010.2370.110.070.100.000.060.200.3210.2820.274
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionWS0.03-0.230.270.000.000.300.000.3770.010.3390.000.170.000.010.000.000.020.090.455-0.00-0.000.050.4840.000.13---0.5610.4830.542-0.3480.4060.280.31100.000.000.000.000.00--
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionCS-0.00-0.230.300.000.000.310.000.3790.010.36100.000.180.00-0.000.000.000.010.140.4540.010.000.030.4560.000.00---0.5710.4550.5220.4630.000.4070.320.3780.340.000.000.000.00--
SEEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.150.470.6280.490.490.400.460.520.490.400.5790.500.530.060.510.450.430.7040.530.250.520.56100.6850.530.200.02---0.040.470.400.8020.280.530.6760.6770.7530.470.340.43-0.8410.42
SEEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.170.270.250.270.300.210.270.30100.240.210.260.230.280.030.260.3230.260.3150.3620.140.3090.3140.240.3160.160.00---0.240.210.230.290.240.230.230.3170.250.3080.150.22-0.381-0.00
FACEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.010.22100.210.2680.050.3140.120.4410.2770.3050.3520.020.090.000.2390.050.010.3230.190.180.120.070.060.060.010.00---0.020.000.010.2960.040.050.170.160.09-0.060.06-0.200.11
FACEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.000.1890.130.2360.030.2630.090.3910.2270.2440.2920.040.080.000.170.040.010.2350.130.140.070.050.050.040.020.03---0.01-0.000.010.2080.040.040.130.160.1810-0.050.08-0.160.10
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingWS0.080.110.37100.120.210.260.180.190.200.060.190.280.190.000.150.110.040.4830.4540.200.4090.360.4160.260.010.00---0.000.130.060.4080.8010.090.4350.350.417-0.150.17-0.5720.12
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingCS0.010.000.010.02-0.00-0.00-0.040.000.00-0.000.0560.020.020.000.0380.0650.010.0920.010.000.0910.0310-0.000.039-0.00-0.31----0.00-0.00-0.030.0640.000.000.0470.0830.02-0.00-0.02--0.04-0.06
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingWS0.030.010.2080.040.070.010.100.070.050.000.110.110.050.000.040.02-0.010.3130.2940.090.18100.2170.2090.140.010.00---0.000.010.040.2360.352-0.2450.130.16-0.090.11-0.3710.06
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingCS-0.01-0.00-0.01-0.000.000.020.01-0.000.0340.02100.00-0.000.010.010.0260.01-0.000.010.000.020.020.0420.010.0250.0280.00----0.000.000.0410.01-0.020.010.0270.010.033-0.029-0.03-0.000.00
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingWS0.010.000.1870.010.010.010.130.080.030.000.080.040.020.010.02-0.000.010.3510.3320.060.2630.2250.2160.16100.010.00---0.000.020.050.1690.2540.000.140.120.00-0.080.11-0.1780.01
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingCS-0.040.000.000.01-0.01-0.01-0.020.010.029-0.00-0.00-0.020.010.0430.0260.000.01-0.020.00-0.020.028-0.01-0.02-0.02-0.000.00----0.010.027-0.000.051-0.06-0.025-0.030.00--0.010.034-0.0420.0110
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.020.410.290.440.190.360.4730.420.44100.420.4820.250.260.000.400.4580.040.330.260.4570.050.21-0.40-0.000.00---0.4740.4660.4590.440.000.43-0.41---0.140.000.5210.475
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MICS0.010.4060.220.4080.270.370.360.380.3990.370.4220.200.230.030.370.431-0.020.290.150.4040.060.10-0.350.030.05---0.380.380.330.350.000.4050.160.3810-0.000.00-0.000.4130.407
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegWS0.180.570.570.560.320.520.6170.540.570.460.59100.270.460.000.500.490.160.6430.6250.6340.440.380.360.6160.050.19---0.000.220.500.520.310.52-0.580.608-0.330.370.6720.7710.599
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegCS0.180.370.380.450.310.460.480.380.5580.460.460.220.370.000.5390.390.130.6130.5570.6040.380.440.330.440.070.00---0.000.190.49100.480.250.576-0.48-0.605--0.7210.6520.46
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveWS0.040.550.500.550.390.350.540.530.550.410.5880.040.460.010.480.480.110.6240.6330.56100.430.480.310.6160.04-0.00---0.000.100.440.470.330.40-0.6150.589-0.390.430.6520.7410.587
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveCS0.090.450.340.430.450.440.5060.450.450.420.430.020.48100.080.450.450.150.5070.470.5920.360.440.260.4980.110.32---0.000.090.460.5430.4990.524-0.515----0.6810.450.45
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.030.600.490.61100.430.550.6460.560.6390.560.6470.000.47-0.000.500.580.100.6380.6440.6630.530.590.350.6450.010.59---0.000.000.130.380.440.49-0.560.600.450.43-0.6920.7210.60
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.060.6950.360.650.460.6940.550.500.6870.6780.67100.240.54-0.7120.620.240.7310.610.620.520.7030.510.54-0.010.00---0.000.000.460.470.590.679-0.62---0.440.6860.550.53
Large-MIHand vs Leg MIWS0.040.540.56100.510.380.450.550.490.520.380.6050.060.430.070.470.450.140.6330.6060.6040.450.390.420.5970.060.00---0.000.160.510.5780.310.51-0.54----0.6820.7410.569
Large-MIHand vs Leg MICS0.000.5140.350.400.330.310.4590.360.4770.300.370.030.300.060.380.350.090.4850.410.4760.370.360.330.440.070.40---0.000.250.260.390.280.533-0.44100.478---0.7110.5620.34
Large-MIIndividual FingersWS0.010.25100.250.240.140.220.2770.230.220.220.2950.050.160.000.190.210.010.2860.2780.3320.160.120.110.210.020.00---0.000.010.150.180.020.22-0.2690.22---0.3130.4010.314
Large-MIIndividual FingersCS0.030.150.090.140.090.1690.150.140.15100.1750.1680.040.10-0.000.120.1770.010.090.120.2140.080.060.040.130.02-0.01---0.000.000.050.070.060.212------0.2130.2110.176
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueWS0.080.540.550.530.310.480.56100.490.520.420.5780.280.430.000.460.480.130.6130.5870.5940.420.320.340.5860.030.15---0.000.140.460.500.210.51-0.579----0.6420.7510.595
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueCS0.090.400.410.440.380.450.46100.380.4980.380.5360.290.330.000.380.370.150.5820.5170.5730.370.310.290.440.040.13---0.000.090.4790.450.280.545-0.45----0.6510.5540.40
Large-MIWith RestWS0.13-0.5140.410.280.320.4390.350.370.270.400.290.390.010.300.350.230.390.4860.4480.400.350.380.4670.030.06---0.000.070.000.400.280.495-0.5230.5420.4310--0.571--
Large-MIWith RestCS0.22-0.310.290.290.280.3290.270.3280.200.300.290.3570.000.290.280.250.270.32100.4330.230.270.270.3750.060.02---0.000.050.000.3940.230.511-0.376----0.512--
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetWS0.050.4470.340.4390.280.370.400.420.390.380.4740.140.33-0.010.350.390.050.340.380.42100.330.290.260.4380.040.28---0.4830.4820.4910.410.270.000.4550.41-0.000.000.300.000.4560.42
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetCS0.050.3590.290.340.240.300.340.330.330.340.3750.140.270.000.300.320.100.290.310.3670.250.240.210.3930.020.22---0.4110.3940.4020.3580.280.33-0.320.3410--0.280.000.270.366
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.030.570.480.6190.390.500.480.540.580.550.59100.260.450.020.480.530.080.490.510.520.460.390.370.6610.050.50---0.6520.6540.6550.590.470.520.6530.618-0.000.000.530.000.6560.627
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.050.51100.440.500.410.480.420.500.490.5440.5370.210.450.000.440.490.130.440.480.490.410.380.320.562-0.030.47---0.6210.5350.536-0.27--0.42---0.5280.000.5530.519
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MIWS0.000.300.300.170.000.320.320.3560.240.140.3470.030.13-0.060.000.000.3390.320.280.240.110.190.3950.000.338---0.4510.4130.4320.320.180.31-0.32--0.000.260.000.32100.404
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MICS0.000.280.240.150.000.270.3090.270.280.110.337-0.020.12-0.120.000.000.3180.240.250.17-0.000.120.3460.000.25---0.4020.3650.3740.290.110.2910-0.27-0.00-0.230.000.4510.373
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.017---0.1720.0560.1140.1430.095-0.01-0.008-0.009--0.00100.201-0.01
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.0080.0090.00100.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.006---0.111-0.05-0.000.0150.072-0.01------0.0070.0430.034
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MIWS0.070.030.170.2690.140.100.110.3530.000.000.3050.000.170.000.020.180.140.070.4510.230.170.220.070.3540.020.00---0.24100.2980.296-0.297-0.01-0.230.17---0.000.4420.00
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MICS0.100.3150.060.4430.28100.190.070.5220.000.000.2890.000.000.000.060.3160.050.040.6010.4340.020.040.040.25-0.010.00---0.03-0.000.19-0.000.060.2880.11-0.000.00-0.000.307-0.07
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.010.2990.230.3060.010.080.210.2970.220.210.3530.000.180.000.210.010.070.210.4310.210.200.170.180.200.010.00---0.3240.28100.298-0.170.110.3050.25----0.000.4120.23
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.000.000.070.2570.010.20100.190.2650.200.2280.331-0.000.05-0.000.010.010.040.020.3220.2290.020.020.160.100.000.00---0.2830.200.19-0.000.08-0.190.18--0.2560.000.2740.16
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MIWS0.010.240.180.3640.000.020.180.230.03-0.000.040.000.21-0.270.010.000.140.000.270.130.010.040.403-0.010.00---0.4020.3560.3470.30100.120.21-0.3550.329---0.000.4510.328
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MICS0.060.130.150.20100.000.2090.050.010.03-0.160.000.03-0.4110.000.000.120.010.150.020.000.060.2960.000.00---0.3740.3150.3730.200.080.16-0.278----0.000.3720.297
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.290.480.410.490.360.470.430.460.5270.440.5640.370.370.020.430.430.350.5260.350.5190.350.440.430.5180.010.33---0.010.020.260.370.390.50100.6520.440.45--0.500.6430.7510.555
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MICS0.280.46100.330.4770.330.420.410.420.4760.430.5230.330.38-0.020.430.400.320.4780.320.4850.310.330.340.5240.000.00----0.000.030.280.340.380.45------0.6520.7110.469
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.180.610.580.65100.480.610.600.6580.600.520.7350.320.510.000.590.490.310.7620.6590.590.480.540.560.580.060.28---0.7530.7440.6970.560.440.400.7260.62-0.00-0.600.000.8310.56
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.190.6350.450.6360.520.560.480.6920.510.5980.6070.170.450.020.560.550.260.520.420.570.320.480.220.470.060.32---0.5890.6440.6430.530.320.39--0.5710---0.000.7010.50
HGDLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.010.5450.330.5180.210.5190.490.5460.490.480.6420.220.26-0.010.380.170.080.5940.460.440.340.420.330.26-0.030.00---0.6130.5270.50100.420.220.15-0.40--0.00-0.000.7510.40
HGDLeft/Right Hand MICS0.000.5460.100.5190.170.5640.360.5920.5830.5270.470.130.170.000.360.220.140.330.260.5180.180.190.100.250.030.00---0.5450.480.49100.360.070.00--0.32---0.000.6110.34
HGDHand vs Feet MIWS0.480.840.8770.840.790.770.820.780.8690.710.9140.610.79-0.8680.780.520.9320.86100.740.740.800.820.800.000.61---0.9130.9050.790.770.710.81--0.886--0.760.000.9510.72
HGDHand vs Feet MICS0.370.8020.700.750.500.540.720.7950.630.7770.77100.510.68-0.7790.480.320.620.550.700.470.570.290.620.000.42---0.7780.8030.7960.720.430.72-0.794----0.000.9110.72
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionWS0.490.670.7140.670.610.170.6880.650.6790.600.7230.600.630.350.640.640.520.7150.660.650.600.620.650.67100.330.29---0.580.320.360.640.530.580.6970.706----0.7910.7520.62
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionCS0.380.460.450.4690.420.170.430.400.440.430.4950.420.460.300.440.46100.400.4860.410.4780.390.400.420.4770.250.31---0.420.190.250.390.450.45--0.523--0.420.6010.5920.514
Meng2019Cursor ControlWS0.280.430.450.390.370.390.450.460.390.350.47100.400.37-0.010.410.360.330.4870.4940.400.450.4880.450.4860.010.23---0.030.130.220.320.370.40-0.485---0.5130.5220.6110.479
Meng2019Cursor ControlCS-0.030.070.020.04-0.08-0.030.11-0.040.070.020.177-0.040.11-0.010.08-0.06-0.030.2240.110.080.110.110.110.225-0.000.186---0.040.17100.120.1780.1790.02--0.17---0.3620.4110.273
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestWS0.250.520.6040.520.490.270.5860.520.530.480.5770.500.500.200.500.500.430.6030.5680.530.500.520.530.5690.160.14---0.020.210.300.500.360.43-0.585---0.490.6620.7110.5310
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestCS0.170.290.270.270.280.120.3180.260.260.250.30100.270.3190.150.270.270.220.3540.230.3170.240.200.260.3160.130.12---0.000.150.200.270.240.27-0.335----0.4320.5010.403
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classWS0.340.620.440.570.570.160.640.490.600.560.6780.510.570.000.640.550.540.640.7010.300.640.520.600.6770.41--0.6940.6920.66100.620.6690.64---0.6750.676----0.6930.50
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classCS0.380.65100.410.590.570.090.640.450.590.570.630.510.570.000.630.550.560.600.6860.290.6690.530.590.7010.39--0.6840.6830.650.540.590.685---0.6920.677----0.6780.48
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classWS0.240.600.430.550.560.160.640.470.590.540.6580.500.550.000.620.540.540.620.6910.320.620.510.560.6570.42--0.6730.6740.64100.590.6490.64---0.6750.656----0.6720.49
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classCS0.310.62100.400.570.570.100.590.430.550.530.610.500.550.000.610.550.550.570.6720.300.6490.520.540.6640.41--0.6710.6630.610.540.010.657---0.6580.666----0.6650.49
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.450.740.440.740.720.490.640.670.710.700.7660.130.73-0.740.700.740.750.7730.490.750.740.740.7670.28--0.7810.7820.7750.7680.740.7610---0.750.769----0.7740.65
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.330.720.330.7480.710.340.430.560.580.670.730.260.72-0.730.710.720.730.7640.540.74100.740.730.730.26--0.7550.7570.7610.720.7490.756---0.730.762----0.7630.68
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.350.740.510.670.720.230.720.650.730.680.7650.020.68-0.730.680.720.730.7810.500.720.690.7490.730.38--0.7730.7820.7580.74100.730.74---0.7660.757----0.7740.64
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.310.720.480.700.720.150.640.580.720.640.7530.290.70-0.720.680.73100.720.7710.570.7460.700.7470.7390.40--0.7550.7540.710.680.720.748---0.730.73----0.7620.68
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.360.8470.580.820.810.670.690.760.830.750.830.800.800.000.830.770.770.8480.8620.730.8490.800.820.8560.58----0.8610.8530.830.79---0.83100.855----0.8540.75
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.190.680.490.600.630.460.440.620.7370.630.7450.670.7190.000.690.620.590.690.640.620.690.580.700.7180.58----0.7710.7630.7620.754---0.70100.69----0.7360.67
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.220.7670.490.740.710.740.740.680.690.550.740.660.670.000.750.640.680.7690.8120.630.7860.690.710.8040.38----0.8210.8130.7680.67---0.76100.73----0.7850.62
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.240.640.380.590.570.520.610.510.590.530.6650.540.6570.050.6580.550.570.610.6490.550.6820.580.620.6640.43----0.7010.6730.6660.60---0.64100.61----0.630.56
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.010.00-0.020.037-0.00-0.000.030.00-0.010.01-0.000.000.01-0.04-0.000.03100.01-0.010.0380.0640.0390.02-0.020.010.010.00---0.2810.010.1120.055-0.000.0560.02-0.01----0.00-0.010.093
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.01-0.02-0.02-0.030.039-0.000.020.0380.01-0.010.010.00-0.020.000.0470.01-0.020.0210-0.000.000.020.00-0.00-0.01-0.060.00---0.311-0.000.2820.0660.000.095------0.020.000.1430.094
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationWS-0.020.240.020.33-0.01-0.020.5880.000.230.020.410.000.090.020.050.000.010.13-0.010.589-0.060.04-0.020.617-0.020.00---0.7730.6750.7920.53100.000.656--0.01----0.000.7910.684
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationCS-0.010.26-0.000.380.02-0.000.578-0.050.260.100.390.000.09-0.000.160.00-0.000.12-0.020.6170.030.030.040.519-0.010.00---0.8010.7030.7820.45100.000.666---0.00--0.000.7040.675
MigraineDB4-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.05-0.020.9180.390.260.040.650.39-0.040.000.760.200.390.000.450.050.140.88100.640.470.650.710.9090.870.010.00---0.9940.9850.9560.820.9920.54-0.947-0.05-0.711.0010.9930.46
MigraineDB6-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.140.190.860.340.200.310.700.410.050.000.730.120.430.000.410.01-0.010.8880.710.450.650.700.8790.800.020.00---0.9940.9950.9570.770.9920.540.9860.8610---0.731.0010.9930.49
MigraineDB4-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.100.290.8390.330.380.330.640.450.200.230.82100.000.510.000.400.220.200.780.630.450.600.630.8480.71-0.000.00---0.9940.9850.8870.791.0010.73-0.936--0.010.671.0021.0030.57
MigraineDBResting Migraine DetectionWS0.410.700.970.840.890.030.910.720.760.500.970.660.900.000.920.790.520.9980.920.710.930.961.0040.9970.220.00---1.0010.99100.9990.911.002--0.9961.005-0.00-1.003-0.40
MigraineDB6-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.090.300.8180.330.360.330.620.470.240.000.8090.150.490.000.440.010.250.790.630.480.640.700.80100.760.030.00---0.9950.9940.8960.791.0030.70-0.877----1.0011.0020.58
MigraineDBSSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.110.500.9890.720.720.890.820.670.700.340.920.450.87-0.840.610.510.97100.790.630.830.930.9970.950.020.00---1.0030.9960.9980.911.0010.691.005---0.01-1.0041.0020.68
MigraineDBSSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.070.720.910.760.760.560.740.550.580.460.92100.380.87-0.790.640.630.9290.750.640.770.880.9870.9780.090.00---1.0020.9950.9960.901.0040.90---0.00--1.0011.0030.73
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MIWS-0.06-0.01-0.02-0.010.02-0.020.000.0630.000.049-0.010.00-0.000.000.000.000.0570.00-0.010.0720.0550.00-0.000.01-0.020.03---0.091-0.03-0.03--0.03-0.02-0.054-0.0410--0.048-0.020.056
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MICS-0.170.0490.0950.00-0.050.010.000.0660.000.1130.000.000.0580.000.122-0.09-0.01-0.030.000.04100.1040.000.02-0.050.01-0.05---0.02-0.050.00-0.03-0.060.00-0.00----0.1310.010.057
BCIC-IV-1Left Hand vs Foot MIWS-0.200.000.1840.00-0.070.00-0.02-0.020.00-0.050.000.000.030.000.03-0.15-0.100.00-0.050.2030.079-0.070.1570.00-0.020.301---0.000.05100.155-0.050.030.3020.156--0.138-0.030.050.03

Macro F1

Dataset · task · splitBaseline ModelsFoundation Models
ADFCNNATCNetBiDANNCTNetDBConformerDeepConvNetDeepSleepNetEEGConformerEEGInceptionERPEEGNetEEGNeXEEGWaveNetFBCNetHSLTIFNetMSCFormerMSVTNetShallowConvNetSleepEEGNetSleepTransformerSlimSeizTMSA-NetTSceptionU-SleepYASABENDRBIOT · Prest 16chBIOT · Shhs Prest 18chBIOT · Six Datasets 18chCBraModCodeBrainCSBrainEEGMambaEEGPTLaBraMLEADLUNA · BaseLUNA · LargemdJPTMIRepNetNeuroGPTNeuroRVQREVE · BaseREVE · Large
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestWS0.460.630.580.500.430.580.8690.820.500.490.630.300.510.430.540.430.430.9140.9230.560.430.570.680.8670.480.868---0.85100.9060.9050.640.700.700.9510.750.770.430.430.840.430.9320.54
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestCS0.440.480.550.450.430.430.620.630.470.480.520.250.440.430.450.430.430.7240.66100.470.7050.470.620.6980.430.697---0.7520.7230.660.660.660.620.8110.6690.610.430.430.7060.430.640.55
TUEVEpileptiform EventsWS0.480.610.76100.630.620.230.620.640.640.520.700.490.630.120.640.600.500.740.710.590.700.650.660.8380.410.68---0.8810.8720.8650.730.8370.690.8730.8640.8190.140.150.660.150.8460.65
TUEVEpileptiform EventsCS0.270.4830.260.4540.360.240.290.310.3890.220.4360.130.4070.000.5020.38100.340.4550.330.290.360.5010.370.370.230.26---0.290.260.260.320.310.340.330.320.310.000.240.270.240.270.408
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionWS0.620.890.940.900.900.290.860.920.900.810.920.880.91-0.910.890.840.9760.96100.870.950.910.920.9750.790.92---0.9770.9730.9810.950.9720.950.9740.9690.950.370.370.940.290.9680.86
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionCS0.090.8410.690.7860.76100.490.750.660.490.310.7690.730.65-0.540.720.7870.750.710.590.7780.8320.7950.8230.540.65---0.680.710.8140.420.740.750.730.760.740.040.040.680.040.750.64
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.590.650.750.640.620.640.810.650.680.620.700.680.640.500.640.630.570.760.820.840.720.660.700.8580.490.50---0.8650.8660.8570.84100.350.330.8810.8640.8630.330.330.600.330.8820.849
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.580.640.6940.630.6790.640.630.630.650.630.6770.65100.6780.500.640.650.590.630.650.650.640.640.6930.640.530.34---0.650.650.630.640.560.330.7220.6850.6860.340.340.570.340.7210.65
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionWS0.340.450.770.620.630.610.540.620.340.420.400.340.340.340.620.490.430.720.600.430.720.590.340.8760.630.62---0.80100.8740.8570.8380.790.770.8750.9020.8930.330.330.8190.340.9210.60
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionCS0.340.440.620.420.340.610.470.440.370.420.360.340.340.340.520.360.390.480.340.530.570.550.340.6880.520.42---0.7630.7340.620.62100.540.7350.7710.6390.540.330.330.7260.330.7720.697
TUSLSlowing + SeizureWS0.320.430.670.270.230.310.600.320.360.260.540.160.450.160.470.350.480.660.600.420.520.560.360.7690.280.46---0.8060.8520.8440.71100.670.7780.8430.8250.7970.180.160.500.160.8910.44
TUSLSlowing + SeizureCS0.310.320.160.200.120.230.190.160.200.190.270.120.250.120.300.140.210.310.310.130.270.300.170.260.3490.3310---0.5620.7010.5340.290.4460.5530.5350.3780.280.170.120.270.120.4370.32
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessWS0.51-0.6370.610.410.560.61100.610.6290.540.6450.410.550.290.500.410.520.590.6380.6460.500.470.590.590.410.41---0.500.410.600.560.540.570.610.600.590.570.490.6720.6540.6910.663
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessCS0.46-0.60100.580.460.580.580.590.6340.590.6350.460.600.130.500.460.500.490.570.6330.460.480.510.590.460.608---0.240.460.500.580.480.6170.560.540.550.460.520.6090.6610.6420.626
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionWS0.34-0.610.620.450.450.640.450.6870.210.65100.150.560.450.240.450.450.230.540.7350.450.450.240.7440.450.54---0.7810.7430.772-0.6780.7060.630.6590.450.450.150.450.45--
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionCS0.45-0.610.640.450.450.650.450.6890.230.67100.150.570.450.230.450.450.230.570.7340.460.460.240.7260.450.45---0.7810.7250.7620.7330.450.7070.660.6880.670.450.150.450.45--
SEEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.350.650.7480.660.660.490.630.650.660.580.7190.660.680.300.670.630.590.8040.690.500.680.71100.7950.690.460.34---0.230.650.590.8720.520.690.7860.7870.8330.650.560.61-0.8910.61
SEEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.370.490.490.460.5180.370.480.490.450.450.480.480.510.290.470.5250.450.5240.5720.420.5170.5160.450.51100.440.17---0.440.430.390.500.470.440.470.5330.480.5190.330.46-0.5810.18
FACEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.070.30100.290.3480.100.3750.190.5010.3570.3740.4220.050.180.020.3190.100.070.3930.270.270.200.120.130.120.050.04---0.060.040.070.3660.100.090.260.250.14-0.110.11-0.280.20
FACEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.060.2690.220.3260.070.3330.120.4610.3070.3250.3720.060.170.020.260.070.080.3240.220.230.160.100.120.120.050.05---0.080.080.070.2980.090.070.220.250.2610-0.110.15-0.250.19
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingWS0.470.550.69100.540.600.620.590.580.590.460.590.640.590.360.560.510.430.7430.7340.600.7090.680.7070.630.380.31---0.020.550.230.7080.9010.540.7250.670.716-0.570.57-0.7820.55
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingCS0.400.400.440.410.370.370.48100.4880.000.250.240.410.450.370.420.450.410.350.5040.380.5070.430.290.5220.370.33---0.250.380.210.5310.5060.370.5050.470.513-0.370.489-0.460.47
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingWS0.220.230.4080.230.280.170.320.270.280.200.330.320.280.090.260.210.210.4830.4640.320.39100.4170.4090.350.130.11---0.110.160.250.4260.512-0.4350.340.37-0.290.29-0.5310.29
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingCS0.220.230.210.200.190.170.2570.230.2610.180.150.110.24100.170.210.150.190.220.2560.190.210.2550.2580.2490.210.11---0.080.120.200.2540.190.190.2620.190.263-0.190.17-0.230.17
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingWS0.450.160.5970.500.450.310.550.520.510.350.540.490.510.510.510.370.480.6810.6620.530.6330.6150.6060.57100.500.34---0.340.410.350.5890.6240.340.570.560.34-0.530.55-0.5880.50
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingCS0.430.180.5080.49100.430.4990.480.490.330.370.450.470.250.490.5130.400.450.490.330.480.5070.490.480.410.470.33---0.320.440.190.5210.43-0.5060.430.33-0.410.512-0.5150.514
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.480.700.650.720.580.680.7430.710.72100.710.7420.620.630.340.700.7290.520.660.630.7280.520.60-0.700.330.33---0.7340.7350.7270.720.330.71-0.70---0.570.330.7610.736
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MICS0.420.7060.610.7050.630.680.680.690.6990.680.7120.600.610.410.690.7110.490.640.570.7040.520.55-0.670.500.52---0.680.69100.660.670.330.7070.580.69-0.330.33-0.330.7030.698
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegWS0.340.680.680.670.480.640.7170.650.670.600.69100.440.600.140.630.620.340.7330.7150.7340.580.540.520.7160.270.40---0.120.400.630.640.480.64-0.680.708-0.500.520.7620.8310.699
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegCS0.330.520.530.580.480.610.610.530.6580.600.590.420.520.100.6490.550.300.7030.6670.7040.520.600.480.570.230.10---0.100.290.620.600.440.676-0.6210-0.695--0.7910.7420.59
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveWS0.220.700.670.700.600.420.690.690.700.600.7290.260.640.230.650.650.410.7540.7530.71100.610.650.540.7460.350.17---0.170.330.270.650.550.60-0.7450.728-0.590.620.7720.8310.727
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveCS0.290.640.550.620.640.620.6760.630.630.620.620.250.640.320.640.630.400.64100.6590.7220.550.630.480.6670.400.56---0.170.280.640.7030.6680.684-0.675----0.7910.630.64
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.210.800.750.81100.720.780.8260.780.8190.780.8270.000.730.340.750.790.530.8280.8240.8330.770.800.450.8250.500.79---0.330.330.180.690.720.75-0.780.800.730.71-0.8420.8610.80
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.240.8450.680.820.720.8540.770.750.8460.8480.8490.590.77-0.8520.810.610.8710.800.800.750.8530.750.770.490.33---0.340.330.730.730.790.8410-0.81---0.720.8470.780.76
Large-MIHand vs Leg MIWS0.260.770.78100.760.680.720.770.740.760.690.8050.510.720.530.740.720.570.8130.8060.8040.730.690.710.7970.530.34---0.180.540.500.7880.650.76-0.77----0.8420.8710.789
Large-MIHand vs Leg MICS0.250.7540.670.690.650.640.7290.670.7460.650.680.420.630.530.690.670.520.7450.700.7370.670.680.660.710.480.69---0.330.620.600.700.630.763-0.71100.738---0.8610.7820.64
Large-MIIndividual FingersWS0.170.380.39100.360.250.340.4160.370.340.340.4070.180.310.070.330.340.140.4250.4090.4620.300.260.250.350.130.07---0.070.130.310.330.170.37-0.4080.34---0.4530.5210.434
Large-MIIndividual FingersCS0.190.270.230.260.210.280.3170.270.280.3160.3090.180.260.070.250.3180.160.260.29100.3530.250.210.200.260.120.10---0.070.070.190.200.240.361------0.3540.3620.335
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueWS0.200.630.640.630.440.580.65100.590.620.540.6680.420.550.070.570.590.280.6830.6670.6740.540.450.460.6760.170.29---0.060.310.570.600.360.61-0.669----0.7120.8010.675
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueCS0.190.500.520.550.490.570.57100.500.5890.510.6260.430.460.070.510.500.280.6620.6170.6530.480.440.420.560.150.22---0.070.210.5880.560.420.635-0.57----0.7210.6440.52
Large-MIWith RestWS0.16-0.5240.430.320.340.4680.370.390.290.410.300.420.050.350.370.240.410.5060.4690.440.370.390.4770.090.06---0.030.100.030.440.320.515-0.5530.5620.4510--0.591--
Large-MIWith RestCS0.22-0.25100.240.2590.240.240.230.240.180.2580.240.2670.080.230.220.210.220.240.2950.200.230.240.2760.120.07---0.050.100.050.2940.210.322-0.323----0.331--
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetWS0.240.5870.510.57100.450.530.560.560.540.530.6040.330.500.160.510.540.280.510.540.570.500.470.440.5880.240.45---0.6130.6120.6210.560.460.110.5960.56-0.100.100.470.100.5950.579
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetCS0.230.5180.460.500.410.470.500.500.490.500.5350.320.460.110.480.490.320.470.490.5270.440.430.390.5430.250.36---0.5610.5440.5520.5190.460.50-0.490.5110--0.460.100.450.526
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.410.780.740.8090.690.750.740.770.790.780.79100.630.720.440.740.770.540.740.750.760.730.690.680.8310.520.75---0.8330.8240.8250.790.730.760.8320.818-0.320.320.760.350.8260.817
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.420.75100.720.750.710.740.710.750.750.7740.7760.600.720.340.720.750.560.720.740.740.710.690.640.7820.370.73---0.8110.7750.767-0.63--0.71---0.7680.330.7830.769
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MIWS0.440.650.650.570.420.6680.660.6760.600.270.66100.440.52-0.480.420.420.440.6690.640.610.530.390.6950.420.677---0.7210.7030.7220.650.590.65-0.66--0.420.620.420.660.704
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MICS0.430.640.620.550.430.640.6580.630.630.520.6670.450.52-0.520.430.430.440.620.620.580.210.560.6760.430.62---0.7020.6850.6940.64100.550.649-0.63-0.43-0.620.430.7210.693
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.340.369---0.5820.5260.5540.5730.5450.438-0.33-0.3410--0.340.6010.487
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.339---0.5510.4760.4180.4270.5320.494------0.33100.5230.475
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MIWS0.510.380.590.6390.560.550.490.6730.330.340.6470.340.590.340.370.590.490.540.7310.620.580.590.500.6740.510.34---0.62100.6480.655-0.6560.45-0.610.59---0.330.7220.34
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MICS0.480.6560.440.7140.6390.580.540.7620.330.330.6470.330.420.330.530.6550.430.460.8010.7130.500.400.400.610.480.33---0.510.480.59-0.330.520.6380.47-0.330.33-0.330.63100.43
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.160.4590.400.4760.140.250.390.4670.420.370.5030.160.370.100.380.140.240.400.5710.390.380.350.360.390.180.12---0.4940.45100.468-0.350.270.4750.42----0.120.5620.41
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.170.100.240.4150.130.4160.370.4140.39100.340.4920.110.250.110.160.120.190.240.4910.4080.170.130.290.300.100.10---0.4630.380.39-0.100.30-0.360.34--0.3990.100.4170.37
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MIWS0.500.410.580.6750.400.420.560.590.180.050.320.400.58-0.620.170.400.360.260.630.540.260.220.7030.460.40---0.7020.6760.6770.64100.560.60-0.6840.669---0.400.7210.668
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MICS0.510.540.530.60100.400.560.450.420.17-0.360.400.45-0.7010.400.410.360.420.540.420.400.320.6470.250.40---0.6840.6550.6830.6090.510.57-0.628----0.400.6920.646
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.640.740.710.750.680.730.720.730.7670.720.7840.690.680.510.720.710.680.7660.670.7590.670.720.720.7680.380.66---0.420.500.610.690.700.75100.8220.720.73--0.750.8230.8710.775
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MICS0.640.73100.660.7380.660.710.710.710.7360.720.7630.660.690.490.710.700.660.7370.660.7450.650.670.670.7640.490.33---0.330.450.630.670.680.72------0.8220.8510.739
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.450.730.720.76100.650.750.740.7780.730.680.8250.490.680.160.720.650.530.8420.7790.720.650.690.700.720.310.48---0.8430.8340.8070.710.630.590.8160.74-0.17-0.740.170.8910.70
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.440.7550.630.7560.680.710.650.7920.670.7270.550.360.480.330.71100.700.490.670.630.710.550.650.440.650.300.54---0.7190.7540.7630.680.540.57--0.718---0.170.8010.67
HGDLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.340.7750.670.7680.600.7590.740.7760.740.740.8220.610.630.490.690.590.540.7940.730.720.670.710.660.620.460.33---0.8130.7670.75100.710.600.57-0.70--0.33-0.330.8710.70
HGDLeft/Right Hand MICS0.330.7760.550.7590.590.7840.680.8020.7930.7670.730.560.580.330.680.610.570.660.630.7680.590.590.550.620.520.33---0.7750.740.74100.680.540.33--0.65---0.330.8010.67
HGDHand vs Feet MIWS0.740.920.9370.920.900.890.910.890.9390.850.9540.810.89-0.9380.890.760.9620.93100.870.870.900.910.900.400.81---0.9630.9550.900.890.860.91--0.946--0.880.400.9810.86
HGDHand vs Feet MICS0.680.9020.850.580.750.760.860.8950.810.8870.88100.750.56-0.8890.740.660.810.770.850.730.780.410.800.400.70---0.8880.9030.8960.860.720.86-0.894----0.400.9610.86
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionWS0.750.840.8640.830.810.500.8480.820.8490.800.8630.800.810.680.820.820.760.8650.830.820.800.810.830.84100.670.64---0.790.660.450.820.760.790.8570.856----0.8910.8720.81
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionCS0.690.730.720.730.710.340.710.700.720.710.7550.710.7390.650.720.73100.700.7460.710.7380.700.700.470.7370.610.65---0.710.560.610.690.720.72--0.763--0.710.8010.7920.764
Meng2019Cursor ControlWS0.640.710.730.700.690.680.720.730.700.670.73100.700.680.390.710.680.670.7470.7540.700.720.7480.720.7450.510.60---0.490.550.610.660.680.70-0.746---0.7530.7620.8110.749
Meng2019Cursor ControlCS0.480.530.510.520.450.470.540.470.540.510.5960.480.560.370.540.470.480.6140.550.540.550.550.560.6150.500.588---0.440.560.550.58100.5970.50--0.589---0.6820.7010.633
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestWS0.450.660.7140.660.640.480.7050.660.660.630.6970.650.650.430.650.640.600.7230.6990.660.650.660.670.6980.380.35---0.300.450.520.640.550.60-0.706---0.660.7620.7910.6710
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestCS0.400.500.490.480.480.370.5260.470.480.470.50100.490.5190.390.490.490.450.5440.450.5180.460.440.480.5170.370.33---0.220.380.430.490.470.48-0.535----0.6020.6510.583
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classWS0.460.660.560.610.610.180.7380.550.530.610.720.550.630.110.710.600.590.700.7610.350.700.560.640.7450.50--0.7530.7520.73100.690.7390.71---0.7470.746----0.7540.59
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classCS0.470.680.510.610.600.150.7190.550.620.610.680.540.630.100.670.610.600.630.7270.340.700.560.630.7510.47--0.7350.7340.71100.610.610.743---0.7520.728----0.7260.55
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classWS0.310.540.460.500.500.150.600.450.540.500.600.460.520.080.590.500.500.580.6320.350.580.470.520.6170.43--0.6330.6340.60100.570.6090.608---0.6250.626----0.6510.51
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classCS0.370.570.420.510.500.130.58100.440.500.490.570.440.510.080.550.510.500.530.6160.290.5990.470.500.6180.41--0.6320.6350.560.530.090.633---0.6340.617----0.6310.49
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.720.870.720.870.860.740.820.560.850.850.8860.550.86-0.870.850.870.870.8930.740.880.870.870.8870.62--0.8910.8920.8840.8880.870.8810---0.880.889----0.8850.82
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.650.860.660.8780.850.650.700.780.520.840.860.620.86-0.870.850.860.870.8840.770.87100.870.860.870.61--0.8850.8770.8810.860.8790.886---0.870.882----0.8830.84
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.590.840.720.790.830.400.830.780.620.800.8650.080.79-0.830.810.830.840.8710.680.820.800.8490.840.62--0.8640.8720.8480.84100.830.84---0.8560.857----0.8630.79
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.550.840.710.820.830.360.780.750.830.790.8630.530.82-0.830.810.84100.830.8710.730.8550.810.8570.8480.63--0.8560.8540.820.810.830.849---0.830.83----0.8620.82
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.670.9270.790.910.900.830.840.880.920.870.910.900.900.450.910.880.880.9280.9320.860.9290.900.910.9260.79----0.9310.9330.910.89---0.92100.925----0.9340.88
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.570.840.740.800.820.710.710.810.580.820.8750.840.8580.440.840.810.790.560.820.810.840.790.85100.8570.79----0.8810.8830.8820.874---0.8590.84----0.8760.83
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.460.8570.650.830.810.830.830.790.800.680.830.780.780.270.840.770.790.8490.8820.760.8650.790.810.8740.54----0.8810.8830.8480.78---0.84100.83----0.8660.57
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.480.750.580.710.700.410.730.670.710.680.7680.680.7670.300.7660.680.710.740.75100.690.7820.700.740.7730.57----0.7910.7740.7650.73---0.7690.74----0.750.71
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.170.500.450.5190.490.220.480.500.140.470.170.330.240.460.330.480.250.240.5270.5330.5180.340.200.500.410.33---0.6410.50100.5520.5350.340.5260.500.48----0.330.490.534
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.160.220.400.320.490.330.5170.490.180.210.5090.330.330.460.350.460.470.210.430.50100.5180.500.100.500.460.33---0.6510.500.6420.5360.340.545-----0.480.330.5730.544
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.160.620.510.660.460.230.7970.500.620.320.71100.330.550.490.520.500.490.280.490.7980.470.520.310.8060.470.33---0.590.8340.8920.7690.330.825-0.34----0.330.9010.843
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.170.630.490.690.490.170.7980.470.630.520.700.330.350.460.580.500.330.270.450.8170.500.510.240.7590.330.33---0.9010.8530.8920.72100.330.836---0.33--0.330.8540.835
MigraineDB4-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.490.460.9680.690.630.510.820.700.360.320.880.590.690.340.720.490.530.94100.820.730.820.860.9590.930.370.34---0.9940.9950.9860.911.0020.77-0.977-0.39-0.851.0011.0030.73
MigraineDB6-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.540.570.930.660.570.650.850.710.450.320.860.550.710.340.700.460.420.9480.850.720.820.850.9390.900.390.34---1.0040.9950.9770.891.0020.770.9960.9310---0.871.0011.0030.75
MigraineDB4-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.530.620.9290.660.670.640.820.720.600.590.91100.310.750.350.690.590.560.890.810.730.800.810.9280.860.370.35---0.9940.9950.9470.891.0010.87-0.966--0.330.831.0021.0030.79
MigraineDBResting Migraine DetectionWS0.700.850.990.920.940.360.950.860.880.750.980.830.950.340.960.890.761.0080.960.850.970.981.0041.0070.590.34---1.0010.99101.0090.951.002--1.0061.005-0.34-1.003-0.70
MigraineDB6-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.520.640.9180.660.660.630.810.730.620.310.9090.560.740.350.710.450.600.890.820.740.820.850.90100.880.380.35---0.9950.9940.9460.901.0030.85-0.947----1.0011.0020.79
MigraineDBSSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.320.750.9980.860.860.940.910.830.850.660.960.720.94-0.920.810.750.490.890.810.910.96100.660.9890.360.35---1.0031.0061.0070.951.0010.851.005---0.33-1.0041.0020.84
MigraineDBSSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.300.860.9690.880.880.770.870.770.790.720.9680.690.94-0.900.820.810.480.870.820.890.940.9960.9870.500.30---1.0021.0050.670.951.0040.9510---0.36--1.0011.0030.87
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MIWS0.470.4990.49100.490.370.360.350.420.350.480.320.320.4950.320.360.460.460.320.320.5310.4960.320.330.360.4980.514---0.5320.370.48-0.480.47-0.38-0.48--0.5230.4970.41
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MICS0.410.5090.5430.5080.380.340.330.470.330.5520.330.330.440.330.5510.430.400.480.330.5170.5440.330.480.410.440.46---0.420.470.330.480.450.33-0.46----0.5260.49100.525
BCIC-IV-1Left Hand vs Foot MIWS0.390.500.5840.480.390.330.420.410.330.410.330.330.410.330.480.400.400.450.470.6030.52100.320.5480.330.430.651---0.460.480.576-0.510.500.6520.575--0.567-0.460.5290.50

Weighted F1

Dataset · task · splitBaseline ModelsFoundation Models
ADFCNNATCNetBiDANNCTNetDBConformerDeepConvNetDeepSleepNetEEGConformerEEGInceptionERPEEGNetEEGNeXEEGWaveNetFBCNetHSLTIFNetMSCFormerMSVTNetShallowConvNetSleepEEGNetSleepTransformerSlimSeizTMSA-NetTSceptionU-SleepYASABENDRBIOT · Prest 16chBIOT · Shhs Prest 18chBIOT · Six Datasets 18chCBraModCodeBrainCSBrainEEGMambaEEGPTLaBraMLEADLUNA · BaseLUNA · LargemdJPTMIRepNetNeuroGPTNeuroRVQREVE · BaseREVE · Large
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestWS0.670.750.730.690.660.670.9090.860.680.670.740.250.700.660.710.660.660.9340.9430.710.660.700.740.9080.630.907---0.89100.9260.9350.730.770.780.9710.810.820.660.660.880.660.9520.63
EEGMatMental Arithmetic vs RestCS0.650.660.670.660.650.650.74100.700.620.660.680.190.650.650.660.650.650.8120.730.670.7950.670.700.7670.650.768---0.7930.7860.710.7690.710.700.8610.730.680.650.650.7940.650.710.65
TUEVEpileptiform EventsWS0.640.810.920.820.810.340.810.850.850.690.870.680.830.150.840.790.680.93100.930.780.920.860.870.9480.570.90---0.9540.9620.9550.890.9570.910.9610.9560.9490.240.240.860.240.9630.79
TUEVEpileptiform EventsCS0.850.9610.940.9650.940.940.940.930.95100.780.9660.490.940.000.9640.950.9590.9630.920.920.940.9620.940.9580.850.89---0.920.930.950.920.930.930.9670.930.920.000.940.890.940.940.92
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionWS0.650.900.940.900.900.240.860.920.910.820.920.880.91-0.920.890.850.9760.96100.880.950.910.930.9750.800.92---0.9770.9730.9810.950.9720.950.9740.9690.950.440.440.940.240.9680.87
TUEVEpileptiform Event DetectionCS0.260.9710.930.9680.950.940.9650.910.940.750.950.950.91-0.9660.940.9690.950.930.870.950.9720.9670.9740.820.92---0.930.940.9730.890.940.950.940.950.950.000.000.920.000.96100.91
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.590.650.750.640.620.640.810.650.670.620.700.680.640.500.640.630.570.760.820.840.720.660.700.8580.490.50---0.8650.8660.8570.84100.360.320.8810.8640.8630.320.320.600.320.8820.849
SHU-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.580.640.6940.630.6790.640.630.630.650.630.6770.65100.6780.500.640.650.590.630.650.650.640.640.6930.640.530.34---0.650.650.630.640.560.330.7220.6850.6860.340.340.570.340.7210.65
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionWS0.350.440.770.620.620.600.530.620.330.430.410.350.350.350.610.480.430.720.600.430.720.590.350.8760.630.62---0.80100.8840.8570.8380.790.770.8750.9020.8930.310.310.8190.350.9210.60
TUSLBackground Slowing DetectionCS0.340.430.62100.420.340.610.460.440.360.420.360.340.340.340.520.360.390.480.340.530.570.550.340.6880.520.42---0.7630.7340.620.620.530.7350.7710.6390.540.330.330.7260.330.7720.697
TUSLSlowing + SeizureWS0.300.440.670.260.220.320.610.310.360.280.540.160.450.160.470.340.480.660.600.420.520.550.370.7690.290.47---0.8060.8520.8440.71100.670.7780.8430.8250.7970.200.160.500.140.8910.44
TUSLSlowing + SeizureCS0.320.330.150.180.070.250.190.120.180.200.270.070.240.070.300.110.210.310.3490.090.270.290.180.260.310.31---0.5820.6810.5450.300.4270.5640.5830.4080.290.180.070.290.070.4560.3310
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessWS0.60-0.6990.69100.560.630.680.680.7060.570.7130.560.650.230.620.560.620.670.6980.7050.620.600.660.650.560.56---0.500.560.640.610.600.650.650.650.620.650.610.7220.6970.7310.704
Kaggle-INRIAP300 Feedback CorrectnessCS0.63-0.760.79100.770.750.770.8050.8210.730.8120.770.8060.040.780.770.780.710.780.8070.770.780.770.780.770.808---0.230.770.770.770.770.770.770.760.740.770.780.8040.8030.7990.76
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionWS0.72-0.800.810.740.740.8290.740.8370.680.8380.050.790.740.750.740.740.730.740.8550.740.740.700.8630.740.66---0.8810.8540.872-0.82100.8460.800.810.740.740.050.740.74--
ERP-BCIP300 Target DetectionCS0.75-0.800.820.750.750.820.750.8390.740.8480.050.790.750.750.750.750.720.760.8540.750.750.700.8460.750.75---0.8810.8550.8620.8530.750.8470.810.82100.820.750.050.750.75--
SEEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.350.650.7580.660.660.490.630.660.660.580.7290.670.680.300.680.640.600.8040.690.500.680.71100.7950.690.460.34---0.220.650.600.8720.520.690.7860.7870.8330.650.560.61-0.8910.61
SEEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.370.490.490.470.5170.380.490.490.450.450.490.480.510.290.480.5250.460.5340.5720.420.5180.5260.450.51100.440.18---0.440.440.390.500.480.450.470.5330.480.5190.330.46-0.5810.17
FACEDEmotion RecognitionWS0.070.31100.300.3480.100.3750.190.5010.3570.3840.4220.060.190.020.3190.100.080.3930.270.270.200.120.120.120.060.04---0.060.040.070.3760.120.100.260.260.14-0.120.12-0.290.20
FACEDEmotion RecognitionCS0.070.2790.220.3260.070.3330.120.4610.3070.3240.3720.070.170.020.260.080.090.3250.220.240.170.110.120.120.060.06---0.080.080.070.2980.100.080.220.250.2710-0.120.15-0.250.19
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingWS0.500.560.69100.550.610.630.590.600.600.490.600.640.600.400.570.530.460.7430.7340.610.7090.690.7160.630.420.27---0.050.550.490.7180.9010.550.7250.680.717-0.580.59-0.7920.56
DTU-AADGender Attention DecodingCS0.460.460.490.470.440.440.500.5290.010.440.52100.470.500.440.480.500.470.5610.5280.450.5420.490.480.5350.440.33---0.440.450.280.5430.5260.440.5340.450.527-0.440.49-0.500.49
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingWS0.210.240.4180.240.280.190.320.270.290.220.340.330.290.070.270.220.220.4830.4740.320.39100.4170.4090.350.150.12---0.090.170.260.4260.512-0.4350.340.37-0.300.30-0.5310.30
DTU-AADGender x Left/Right Attention DecodingCS0.240.230.240.230.220.200.2660.250.2810.200.130.130.2680.200.240.180.220.240.26100.230.240.2720.2650.2640.240.13---0.070.140.200.2690.200.220.2730.210.267-0.220.16-0.250.20
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingWS0.440.310.5970.510.450.470.540.520.520.340.540.490.510.510.510.360.480.6810.6620.530.6330.6150.6060.57100.500.35---0.350.400.520.5890.6140.350.570.560.35-0.530.55-0.5880.51
DTU-AADLeft/Right Attention DecodingCS0.430.360.5080.490.430.490.480.490.5090.370.450.470.50100.490.5130.400.450.490.330.480.5070.490.480.410.470.33---0.480.440.380.5210.43-0.5060.430.33-0.410.512-0.5150.514
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.490.700.650.720.580.680.7430.710.7290.710.7420.620.630.350.700.72100.520.660.630.7280.520.60-0.700.320.32---0.7340.7350.7270.720.320.71-0.70---0.570.320.7610.736
BCIC-IV-2BLeft/Right Hand MICS0.420.7060.610.7050.630.680.680.690.6990.680.7120.600.610.410.690.7110.490.640.570.7040.520.55-0.670.500.52---0.680.69100.660.670.330.7070.580.69-0.330.33-0.330.7030.698
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegWS0.330.680.680.670.480.640.7170.650.670.590.69100.440.600.140.630.620.340.7330.7150.7240.580.540.510.7160.270.40---0.110.390.630.640.480.64-0.680.708-0.500.520.7620.8310.699
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/LegCS0.320.510.530.580.480.610.610.530.6580.600.590.420.520.100.6490.550.300.7030.6670.7040.520.600.480.570.230.10---0.090.290.620.600.440.676-0.6210-0.695--0.7810.7420.59
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveWS0.310.700.670.700.600.560.690.690.700.610.7280.250.640.240.650.660.410.7540.7530.71100.620.660.540.7460.350.18---0.180.330.630.650.560.60-0.7450.729-0.590.620.7720.8310.727
Large-MILeft/Right + PassiveCS0.290.640.550.620.640.620.6760.630.630.620.620.250.640.320.640.630.400.64100.6590.7220.550.630.480.6670.400.56---0.160.280.640.7030.6680.684-0.675----0.7910.630.64
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.430.800.750.81100.720.780.8260.780.8190.780.8270.000.730.350.750.790.530.8280.8240.8330.770.800.680.8250.500.79---0.340.340.550.690.720.75-0.780.800.730.71-0.8420.8610.80
Large-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.350.8450.680.820.720.8540.760.750.8460.8470.8490.600.77-0.8520.810.610.8710.800.800.750.8530.750.770.490.33---0.340.330.730.730.790.8310-0.81---0.720.8480.780.75
Large-MIHand vs Leg MIWS0.510.770.78100.760.680.720.770.740.760.690.8050.510.720.530.740.720.570.8130.8060.8040.730.690.710.7970.530.34---0.360.540.760.7880.650.76-0.77----0.8420.8710.789
Large-MIHand vs Leg MICS0.370.7540.670.690.650.640.7290.680.7460.650.680.420.630.530.690.670.530.7450.700.7370.670.680.660.710.480.70---0.320.620.600.700.630.763-0.71100.738---0.8610.7820.64
Large-MIIndividual FingersWS0.170.390.39100.370.260.340.4260.370.340.350.4170.190.320.060.340.340.140.4250.4090.4620.310.260.260.350.130.07---0.080.140.320.340.170.38-0.4080.35---0.4530.5210.444
Large-MIIndividual FingersCS0.180.280.240.270.220.290.3180.280.280.3160.3190.190.260.070.260.3170.160.260.29100.3540.250.220.210.270.120.10---0.070.070.190.200.240.371------0.3530.3620.335
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueWS0.200.630.640.630.440.580.65100.590.620.540.6680.410.550.070.570.590.280.6830.6670.6740.540.450.460.6760.160.29---0.060.310.570.600.360.61-0.659----0.7120.8010.675
Large-MILeft/Right/Hand/Leg/TongueCS0.190.500.520.550.490.570.57100.500.5890.510.6260.420.460.070.510.500.280.6620.6170.6530.480.440.420.560.150.23---0.070.200.5880.560.420.635-0.57----0.7210.6440.52
Large-MIWith RestWS0.21-0.5640.470.350.380.5080.410.430.340.460.350.460.090.370.410.290.450.5460.4990.470.410.440.5170.130.07---0.050.130.050.460.350.545-0.5730.5920.4910--0.621--
Large-MIWith RestCS0.33-0.4580.410.410.400.430.390.44100.330.420.400.4870.090.430.410.360.360.4490.5430.370.380.390.4950.160.09---0.050.110.050.4940.350.592-0.486----0.611--
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetWS0.240.5870.500.57100.450.530.560.560.540.530.6040.320.500.150.510.540.270.510.540.570.490.470.440.5880.250.44---0.6030.6120.6110.560.460.110.5960.56-0.090.100.470.090.5950.579
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right/Both Hands/FeetCS0.230.5180.460.500.410.470.500.500.490.500.5350.320.460.110.480.490.320.470.490.5270.440.430.390.5430.250.36---0.5610.5440.5520.5190.460.50-0.490.5110--0.460.100.450.526
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.430.780.740.8190.690.750.740.770.790.780.79100.630.720.460.740.770.540.740.760.760.730.690.690.8310.520.75---0.8330.8340.8250.790.730.760.8320.818-0.290.290.760.370.8260.817
PhysioNet-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.420.75100.720.750.700.740.710.750.750.7740.7760.600.720.340.720.750.560.720.740.740.710.690.640.7820.380.73---0.8110.7750.767-0.63--0.71---0.7680.330.7830.769
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MIWS0.630.740.730.690.620.730.720.74100.720.680.7560.470.68-0.650.620.620.7570.740.730.720.670.700.7740.620.73---0.7910.7830.7820.7590.680.74-0.74--0.620.720.620.7580.765
PhysioNet-MIHand vs Feet MICS0.640.740.710.700.640.740.740.720.74100.690.7670.640.69-0.690.640.640.7490.710.730.700.640.680.7660.640.73---0.7820.7650.7730.7580.660.74-0.74-0.64-0.720.640.7910.764
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.35---0.5820.5260.5640.5730.5550.438-0.31-0.359--0.35100.6010.487
Stroke-MILeft/Right Hand MICS0.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.330.339---0.5510.4760.4180.4270.5320.494------0.33100.5230.475
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MIWS0.510.380.590.6390.560.550.490.6730.330.340.6470.340.590.340.370.590.490.530.7310.610.580.590.500.6740.510.34---0.62100.6480.655-0.6560.45-0.610.59---0.330.7220.34
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right Hand MICS0.480.6560.440.7140.6390.580.540.7620.330.330.6470.330.420.330.530.6550.430.460.8010.7130.500.400.400.610.480.33---0.510.480.59-0.330.520.6380.47-0.330.33-0.330.63100.43
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.150.4690.420.4860.160.250.390.4770.420.380.5130.150.380.100.390.160.260.400.5710.400.390.360.370.400.190.14---0.4940.46100.478-0.360.290.4850.43----0.140.5620.42
BCIC-IV-2ALeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.170.100.240.4150.130.4160.370.4140.39100.340.4920.110.250.110.160.120.190.240.4910.4080.170.130.290.300.100.10---0.4630.380.39-0.100.30-0.360.34--0.3990.100.4170.37
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MIWS0.550.660.590.7240.520.540.630.660.180.090.560.520.65-0.680.180.520.610.180.670.610.520.440.7230.550.52---0.7320.7070.7060.69100.600.64-0.7150.699---0.520.7510.698
BCIC-IV-2AHand vs Feet MICS0.590.620.620.6590.530.65100.570.540.17-0.550.530.56-0.7410.530.540.620.550.630.550.530.580.6680.170.53---0.7240.6770.7320.640.600.64-0.686----0.530.7230.695
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MIWS0.640.740.710.750.680.730.720.730.7670.720.7840.690.680.510.720.710.680.7660.670.7590.670.720.720.7680.380.66---0.420.500.610.690.700.75100.8220.720.73--0.750.8230.8710.775
OpenBMILeft/Right Hand MICS0.640.73100.660.7380.660.710.710.710.7360.720.7630.660.690.490.710.700.660.7370.660.7450.650.670.670.7640.490.33---0.330.450.630.670.680.72------0.8220.8510.739
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueWS0.450.730.720.76100.650.750.740.7780.730.680.8250.480.670.160.720.650.530.8420.7790.720.650.690.700.720.310.48---0.8330.8340.8070.710.630.580.8160.74-0.18-0.740.160.8910.70
HGDLeft/Right/Hand/Foot/TongueCS0.440.7550.630.7560.680.710.650.7920.670.7280.7370.360.640.330.710.700.490.670.630.710.550.650.440.650.300.54---0.7190.7540.7630.680.540.57--0.7110---0.170.8010.67
HGDLeft/Right Hand MIWS0.330.7750.670.7680.600.7590.750.7760.740.740.8220.610.630.490.690.590.540.7940.730.720.670.710.660.610.450.31---0.8130.7670.75100.710.600.57-0.70--0.31-0.310.8710.70
HGDLeft/Right Hand MICS0.330.7760.550.7590.590.7840.680.8020.7930.7670.730.560.580.330.680.610.570.660.630.7680.590.590.550.620.520.33---0.7750.740.74100.680.540.33--0.65---0.330.8010.67
HGDHand vs Feet MIWS0.770.930.9470.930.910.900.920.900.9490.870.9640.830.91-0.9480.900.790.9720.94100.880.890.910.920.910.540.83---0.9630.9550.910.900.870.92--0.956--0.900.540.9810.88
HGDHand vs Feet MICS0.730.9120.870.890.790.800.880.9150.840.9090.9080.790.86-0.9070.770.710.840.810.860.770.810.620.830.530.71---0.90100.9130.9160.870.750.88-0.914----0.530.9610.88
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionWS0.750.840.8640.830.810.500.8480.820.8490.800.8630.800.810.680.820.820.760.8650.830.820.800.810.830.84100.670.64---0.790.660.670.820.760.790.8570.856----0.8910.8720.81
Meng2019Cursor Movement DetectionCS0.690.730.720.730.710.500.710.700.720.710.7550.710.7390.650.720.73100.700.7460.710.7380.700.700.710.7370.610.65---0.710.560.610.690.720.72--0.763--0.710.8010.7920.764
Meng2019Cursor ControlWS0.640.710.730.700.690.680.720.730.700.670.73100.700.680.390.710.680.670.7470.7540.700.720.7480.720.7450.510.59---0.490.550.610.660.680.70-0.746---0.7530.7620.8110.749
Meng2019Cursor ControlCS0.480.530.510.520.450.470.540.470.540.510.5960.480.560.370.540.470.480.6140.550.540.550.550.560.6150.500.588---0.440.560.550.58100.5970.50--0.589---0.6820.7010.633
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestWS0.520.700.7540.700.680.460.7360.700.700.670.7370.690.690.500.690.680.640.7530.7280.700.680.700.71100.7290.460.42---0.360.500.560.680.600.64-0.745---0.680.7920.8210.71
Meng2019Cursor Control + RestCS0.470.550.540.550.550.370.56100.530.540.530.5690.540.5780.460.550.550.510.5940.510.5770.520.500.540.5760.450.42---0.330.450.470.540.520.54-0.585----0.6520.6910.623
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classWS0.510.690.570.650.640.180.740.590.680.640.7490.590.670.200.730.630.620.720.7710.400.720.600.670.7550.53--0.7630.7720.74100.710.7480.73---0.7560.757----0.7640.61
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 5-classCS0.510.710.540.650.640.150.73100.570.660.650.700.590.660.180.700.640.630.660.7460.390.730.600.660.7710.51--0.7550.7540.7390.640.650.753---0.7620.748----0.7470.58
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classWS0.380.650.540.610.610.180.7190.550.650.610.71100.560.630.170.690.600.600.690.7410.440.690.570.630.7270.52--0.7330.7340.710.670.7180.71---0.7350.726----0.7420.58
UCDDB-SleepSleep Staging 30s 6-classCS0.450.68100.500.620.620.160.680.540.610.600.670.550.630.150.660.620.610.640.7230.400.7090.580.610.7260.50--0.7210.7220.670.630.160.725---0.7180.727----0.7240.57
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.810.910.810.900.900.830.880.890.900.900.9260.710.90-0.910.890.900.910.9230.830.910.900.900.9170.76--0.9210.9220.9240.9190.910.918---0.910.9110----0.9250.87
UCDDB-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.770.900.760.9090.890.770.800.850.850.880.900.750.90-0.900.890.890.900.9140.840.90100.900.900.900.75--0.9150.9160.9110.900.9080.917---0.900.912----0.9130.88
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.700.880.770.840.870.660.870.840.870.850.8950.070.85-0.870.850.860.880.9010.760.870.850.880.870.72--0.8930.9020.8880.88100.870.889---0.8960.887----0.8940.83
UCDDB-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.640.860.740.840.860.590.820.790.860.820.8730.610.85-0.860.840.860.860.8810.770.8760.840.8770.8690.70--0.8750.8740.850.840.860.878---0.860.8610----0.8820.84
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sWS0.840.9650.890.950.950.890.920.930.950.930.950.940.940.750.950.930.930.9590.9620.930.9580.940.950.9670.89----0.9610.9630.950.94---0.95100.966----0.9640.93
HMC-SleepSleep/Wake 30sCS0.760.890.840.860.880.770.830.880.9160.880.9170.890.9090.700.900.880.850.900.880.880.900.850.900.9180.87----0.9210.9230.9220.924---0.90100.90----0.9150.89
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sWS0.630.8870.750.870.850.860.870.840.840.770.870.830.830.530.870.820.830.8890.9120.820.8950.840.860.9040.69----0.9110.9130.8880.83---0.88100.86----0.8960.81
HMC-SleepWake/NREM/REM 30sCS0.610.800.680.770.770.700.790.740.790.760.8260.760.8170.520.8180.760.760.800.8190.770.8320.770.800.8240.70----0.8410.8230.8250.79---0.81100.79----0.810.77
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.340.500.450.5190.490.330.480.500.280.470.270.330.480.460.500.480.500.480.5270.5330.5180.50100.410.500.400.33---0.6410.500.5520.5350.340.5260.500.48----0.330.490.534
MigraineDBSSAEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.320.440.400.480.490.330.5180.490.350.420.50100.330.490.460.5270.460.470.410.430.500.5190.500.210.500.460.33---0.6510.500.6420.5360.340.545-----0.480.330.5730.544
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationWS0.330.620.510.660.460.470.7980.500.620.480.710.340.550.490.520.500.490.560.490.7990.470.520.460.8070.470.33---0.8930.8350.8920.76100.330.826-0.34----0.340.9010.844
MigraineDBSSVEP Frequency DiscriminationCS0.330.630.490.690.490.340.7980.470.630.520.700.330.530.460.580.500.490.550.450.8170.500.510.480.7590.330.33---0.9010.8530.8920.72100.330.836---0.33--0.330.8540.835
MigraineDB4-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.490.450.9680.690.630.520.820.700.350.310.880.590.690.360.720.490.540.94100.820.730.820.860.9590.930.360.36---0.9940.9950.9860.911.0020.77-0.977-0.40-0.851.0011.0030.73
MigraineDB6-Hz SSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.540.580.930.660.580.650.850.710.440.310.870.560.710.360.700.470.430.9480.850.720.820.850.9390.900.380.36---1.0040.9950.9770.891.0020.770.9960.9310---0.871.0011.0030.75
MigraineDB4-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.530.630.9290.670.680.640.820.730.610.600.91100.280.760.390.700.610.570.890.820.730.800.820.9280.860.350.39---0.9940.9950.9470.901.0010.87-0.966--0.300.841.0021.0030.79
MigraineDBResting Migraine DetectionWS0.700.850.990.920.940.350.950.860.880.750.980.830.950.350.960.890.761.0080.960.860.970.981.0041.0070.600.35---1.0010.99101.0090.961.002--1.0061.005-0.35-1.003-0.70
MigraineDB6-Hz SSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.510.650.9180.660.670.620.810.740.620.280.9090.570.750.390.720.470.610.890.820.740.820.850.90100.880.360.39---0.9950.9940.9460.901.0030.85-0.947----1.0011.0020.79
MigraineDBSSVEP Migraine DetectionWS0.460.750.9990.860.860.940.910.830.850.670.960.720.94-0.920.810.750.99100.900.820.910.961.0070.980.330.38---1.0031.0061.0080.961.0010.851.005---0.30-1.0041.0020.84
MigraineDBSSAEP Migraine DetectionWS0.420.860.960.880.880.760.870.780.790.730.96100.700.94-0.900.820.820.9690.880.820.890.940.9970.9980.530.26---1.0021.0061.0050.951.0040.95---0.41--1.0011.0030.87
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MIWS0.470.4960.490.480.390.340.370.410.370.49100.300.300.4970.300.380.450.470.300.300.5310.5050.300.310.380.4990.524---0.5230.380.49-0.480.47-0.36-0.48--0.5220.4980.43
BCIC-IV-1Left/Right Hand MICS0.410.5090.5430.5080.380.340.330.470.330.5520.330.330.440.330.5510.430.400.480.330.5170.5440.330.480.410.440.46---0.420.470.330.480.450.33-0.46----0.5260.49100.525
BCIC-IV-1Left Hand vs Foot MIWS0.390.500.5840.480.390.330.420.410.330.410.330.330.410.330.480.400.400.450.470.6030.52100.320.5480.330.430.651---0.460.480.576-0.510.500.6520.575--0.567-0.460.5290.50

Performance Rankings

Rankings are separated into broad-coverage tasks and channel-constrained tasks, so models with specialized input coverage are compared in a more appropriate task group.

Broad-Coverage Tasks · Top-N Frequency

Models are ordered by Top-N appearances across task splits that most high-coverage models can evaluate.

Top 5

Frequency order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
75Rank 4.8
2
CBraModFoundation model
49Rank 13.3
3
CodeBrainFoundation model
43Rank 14.3
4
U-SleepBaseline model
38Rank 9.7
5
CSBrainFoundation model
34Rank 12.7
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
32Rank 12.4
7
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
31Rank 11.4
8
EEGNeXBaseline model
28Rank 10.0
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
25Rank 9.7
10
SleepTransformerBaseline model
22Rank 15.0
11
REVE · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 15.5
12
EEGMambaFoundation model
15Rank 12.5
13
EEGPTFoundation model
15Rank 18.9
14
ATCNetBaseline model
10Rank 13.9
15
SlimSeizBaseline model
10Rank 15.9
16
EEGConformerBaseline model
10Rank 16.5
17
TSceptionBaseline model
9Rank 17.5
18
BiDANNBaseline model
7Rank 17.2
19
IFNetBaseline model
7Rank 15.2
20
CTNetBaseline model
6Rank 14.1
21
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 15.1
22
EEGNetBaseline model
6Rank 20.8
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 18.5
24
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
4Rank 14.3
25
DeepConvNetBaseline model
4Rank 20.8
26
MSCFormerBaseline model
4Rank 20.2
27
BENDRFoundation model
3Rank 25.1
28
FBCNetBaseline model
1Rank 18.2
29
YASABaseline model
1Rank 28.9
30
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 29.9
31
DBConformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.8
32
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 24.9
33
ADFCNNBaseline model
0Rank 27.9
34
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
0Rank 24.4

Top 10

Frequency order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
85Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
71Rank 9.7
3
EEGNeXBaseline model
66Rank 10.0
4
CBraModFoundation model
62Rank 13.3
5
CSBrainFoundation model
57Rank 12.7
6
CodeBrainFoundation model
55Rank 14.3
7
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
54Rank 11.4
8
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
54Rank 9.7
9
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
50Rank 12.4
10
EEGMambaFoundation model
41Rank 12.5
11
ATCNetBaseline model
39Rank 13.9
12
SleepTransformerBaseline model
38Rank 15.0
13
REVE · LargeFoundation model
37Rank 15.5
14
CTNetBaseline model
37Rank 14.1
15
SlimSeizBaseline model
33Rank 15.9
16
BiDANNBaseline model
31Rank 17.2
17
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
30Rank 14.3
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
28Rank 15.1
19
EEGPTFoundation model
23Rank 18.9
20
EEGConformerBaseline model
23Rank 16.5
21
TSceptionBaseline model
21Rank 17.5
22
IFNetBaseline model
20Rank 15.2
23
EEGNetBaseline model
14Rank 20.8
24
TMSA-NetBaseline model
13Rank 18.5
25
DeepConvNetBaseline model
12Rank 20.8
26
MSCFormerBaseline model
10Rank 20.2
27
BENDRFoundation model
10Rank 25.1
28
FBCNetBaseline model
9Rank 18.2
29
DBConformerBaseline model
5Rank 20.8
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
4Rank 24.9
31
ADFCNNBaseline model
3Rank 27.9
32
YASABaseline model
2Rank 28.9
33
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
2Rank 24.4
34
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 29.9

Top 20

Frequency order
1
EEGNeXBaseline model
98Rank 10.0
2
REVE · BaseFoundation model
94Rank 4.8
3
U-SleepBaseline model
93Rank 9.7
4
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
90Rank 11.4
5
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
87Rank 14.3
6
EEGMambaFoundation model
83Rank 12.5
7
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
83Rank 15.1
8
IFNetBaseline model
83Rank 15.2
9
CTNetBaseline model
80Rank 14.1
10
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
79Rank 12.4
11
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
78Rank 9.7
12
CSBrainFoundation model
77Rank 12.7
13
ATCNetBaseline model
77Rank 13.9
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
72Rank 15.0
15
SlimSeizBaseline model
70Rank 15.9
16
EEGConformerBaseline model
69Rank 16.5
17
CBraModFoundation model
68Rank 13.3
18
REVE · LargeFoundation model
68Rank 15.5
19
FBCNetBaseline model
67Rank 18.2
20
CodeBrainFoundation model
66Rank 14.3
21
BiDANNBaseline model
64Rank 17.2
22
TSceptionBaseline model
63Rank 17.5
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
60Rank 18.5
24
MSCFormerBaseline model
50Rank 20.2
25
DeepConvNetBaseline model
48Rank 20.8
26
DBConformerBaseline model
44Rank 20.8
27
EEGNetBaseline model
40Rank 20.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
36Rank 18.9
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
26Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
23Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
22Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
9Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
7Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
6Rank 29.9

Top 30

Frequency order
1
EEGNeXBaseline model
104Rank 10.0
2
IFNetBaseline model
104Rank 15.2
3
U-SleepBaseline model
103Rank 9.7
4
FBCNetBaseline model
103Rank 18.2
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
102Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
102Rank 12.4
7
SleepTransformerBaseline model
102Rank 15.0
8
SlimSeizBaseline model
102Rank 15.9
9
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
102Rank 14.3
10
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
102Rank 15.1
11
TMSA-NetBaseline model
102Rank 18.5
12
DBConformerBaseline model
102Rank 20.8
13
CTNetBaseline model
101Rank 14.1
14
BiDANNBaseline model
101Rank 17.2
15
EEGConformerBaseline model
101Rank 16.5
16
REVE · BaseFoundation model
98Rank 4.8
17
CSBrainFoundation model
98Rank 12.7
18
EEGMambaFoundation model
96Rank 12.5
19
TSceptionBaseline model
96Rank 17.5
20
MSCFormerBaseline model
96Rank 20.2
21
ATCNetBaseline model
95Rank 13.9
22
REVE · LargeFoundation model
95Rank 15.5
23
EEGNetBaseline model
94Rank 20.8
24
CodeBrainFoundation model
92Rank 14.3
25
MSVTNetBaseline model
89Rank 24.9
26
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
89Rank 24.4
27
DeepConvNetBaseline model
87Rank 20.8
28
CBraModFoundation model
84Rank 13.3
29
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
83Rank 9.7
30
EEGPTFoundation model
76Rank 18.9
31
ADFCNNBaseline model
71Rank 27.9
32
YASABaseline model
60Rank 28.9
33
BENDRFoundation model
55Rank 25.1
34
HSLTBaseline model
33Rank 29.9

Top 40

Frequency order
1
U-SleepBaseline model
104Rank 9.7
2
EEGNeXBaseline model
104Rank 10.0
3
CBraModFoundation model
104Rank 13.3
4
CSBrainFoundation model
104Rank 12.7
5
CodeBrainFoundation model
104Rank 14.3
6
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
104Rank 11.4
7
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
104Rank 12.4
8
SleepTransformerBaseline model
104Rank 15.0
9
CTNetBaseline model
104Rank 14.1
10
SlimSeizBaseline model
104Rank 15.9
11
BiDANNBaseline model
104Rank 17.2
12
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
104Rank 14.3
13
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
104Rank 15.1
14
EEGConformerBaseline model
104Rank 16.5
15
IFNetBaseline model
104Rank 15.2
16
TMSA-NetBaseline model
104Rank 18.5
17
DeepConvNetBaseline model
104Rank 20.8
18
MSCFormerBaseline model
104Rank 20.2
19
FBCNetBaseline model
104Rank 18.2
20
DBConformerBaseline model
104Rank 20.8
21
MSVTNetBaseline model
104Rank 24.9
22
ADFCNNBaseline model
104Rank 27.9
23
YASABaseline model
104Rank 28.9
24
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
104Rank 24.4
25
EEGNetBaseline model
103Rank 20.8
26
TSceptionBaseline model
102Rank 17.5
27
REVE · LargeFoundation model
100Rank 15.5
28
REVE · BaseFoundation model
99Rank 4.8
29
ATCNetBaseline model
98Rank 13.9
30
EEGMambaFoundation model
96Rank 12.5
31
HSLTBaseline model
89Rank 29.9
32
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
84Rank 9.7
33
EEGPTFoundation model
84Rank 18.9
34
BENDRFoundation model
84Rank 25.1

Broad-Coverage Tasks · Mean Rank

The same broad-coverage task group is ordered by lower mean rank across comparable task splits.

Top 5

Mean rank order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
75Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
38Rank 9.7
3
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
25Rank 9.7
4
EEGNeXBaseline model
28Rank 10.0
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
31Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
32Rank 12.4
7
EEGMambaFoundation model
15Rank 12.5
8
CSBrainFoundation model
34Rank 12.7
9
CBraModFoundation model
49Rank 13.3
10
ATCNetBaseline model
10Rank 13.9
11
CTNetBaseline model
6Rank 14.1
12
CodeBrainFoundation model
43Rank 14.3
13
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
4Rank 14.3
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
22Rank 15.0
15
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 15.1
16
IFNetBaseline model
7Rank 15.2
17
REVE · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 15.5
18
SlimSeizBaseline model
10Rank 15.9
19
EEGConformerBaseline model
10Rank 16.5
20
BiDANNBaseline model
7Rank 17.2
21
TSceptionBaseline model
9Rank 17.5
22
FBCNetBaseline model
1Rank 18.2
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 18.5
24
EEGPTFoundation model
15Rank 18.9
25
MSCFormerBaseline model
4Rank 20.2
26
DeepConvNetBaseline model
4Rank 20.8
27
DBConformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.8
28
EEGNetBaseline model
6Rank 20.8
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
0Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
3Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
0Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
1Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 29.9

Top 10

Mean rank order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
85Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
71Rank 9.7
3
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
54Rank 9.7
4
EEGNeXBaseline model
66Rank 10.0
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
54Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
50Rank 12.4
7
EEGMambaFoundation model
41Rank 12.5
8
CSBrainFoundation model
57Rank 12.7
9
CBraModFoundation model
62Rank 13.3
10
ATCNetBaseline model
39Rank 13.9
11
CTNetBaseline model
37Rank 14.1
12
CodeBrainFoundation model
55Rank 14.3
13
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
30Rank 14.3
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
38Rank 15.0
15
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
28Rank 15.1
16
IFNetBaseline model
20Rank 15.2
17
REVE · LargeFoundation model
37Rank 15.5
18
SlimSeizBaseline model
33Rank 15.9
19
EEGConformerBaseline model
23Rank 16.5
20
BiDANNBaseline model
31Rank 17.2
21
TSceptionBaseline model
21Rank 17.5
22
FBCNetBaseline model
9Rank 18.2
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
13Rank 18.5
24
EEGPTFoundation model
23Rank 18.9
25
MSCFormerBaseline model
10Rank 20.2
26
DeepConvNetBaseline model
12Rank 20.8
27
DBConformerBaseline model
5Rank 20.8
28
EEGNetBaseline model
14Rank 20.8
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
2Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
4Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
10Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
3Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
2Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 29.9

Top 20

Mean rank order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
94Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
93Rank 9.7
3
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
78Rank 9.7
4
EEGNeXBaseline model
98Rank 10.0
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
90Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
79Rank 12.4
7
EEGMambaFoundation model
83Rank 12.5
8
CSBrainFoundation model
77Rank 12.7
9
CBraModFoundation model
68Rank 13.3
10
ATCNetBaseline model
77Rank 13.9
11
CTNetBaseline model
80Rank 14.1
12
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
87Rank 14.3
13
CodeBrainFoundation model
66Rank 14.3
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
72Rank 15.0
15
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
83Rank 15.1
16
IFNetBaseline model
83Rank 15.2
17
REVE · LargeFoundation model
68Rank 15.5
18
SlimSeizBaseline model
70Rank 15.9
19
EEGConformerBaseline model
69Rank 16.5
20
BiDANNBaseline model
64Rank 17.2
21
TSceptionBaseline model
63Rank 17.5
22
FBCNetBaseline model
67Rank 18.2
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
60Rank 18.5
24
EEGPTFoundation model
36Rank 18.9
25
MSCFormerBaseline model
50Rank 20.2
26
DeepConvNetBaseline model
48Rank 20.8
27
DBConformerBaseline model
44Rank 20.8
28
EEGNetBaseline model
40Rank 20.8
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
26Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
23Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
22Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
9Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
7Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
6Rank 29.9

Top 30

Mean rank order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
98Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
103Rank 9.7
3
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
83Rank 9.7
4
EEGNeXBaseline model
104Rank 10.0
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
102Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
102Rank 12.4
7
EEGMambaFoundation model
96Rank 12.5
8
CSBrainFoundation model
98Rank 12.7
9
CBraModFoundation model
84Rank 13.3
10
ATCNetBaseline model
95Rank 13.9
11
CTNetBaseline model
101Rank 14.1
12
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
102Rank 14.3
13
CodeBrainFoundation model
92Rank 14.3
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
102Rank 15.0
15
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
102Rank 15.1
16
IFNetBaseline model
104Rank 15.2
17
REVE · LargeFoundation model
95Rank 15.5
18
SlimSeizBaseline model
102Rank 15.9
19
EEGConformerBaseline model
101Rank 16.5
20
BiDANNBaseline model
101Rank 17.2
21
TSceptionBaseline model
96Rank 17.5
22
FBCNetBaseline model
103Rank 18.2
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
102Rank 18.5
24
EEGPTFoundation model
76Rank 18.9
25
MSCFormerBaseline model
96Rank 20.2
26
DBConformerBaseline model
102Rank 20.8
27
DeepConvNetBaseline model
87Rank 20.8
28
EEGNetBaseline model
94Rank 20.8
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
89Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
89Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
55Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
71Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
60Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
33Rank 29.9

Top 40

Mean rank order
1
REVE · BaseFoundation model
99Rank 4.8
2
U-SleepBaseline model
104Rank 9.7
3
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
84Rank 9.7
4
EEGNeXBaseline model
104Rank 10.0
5
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
104Rank 11.4
6
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
104Rank 12.4
7
EEGMambaFoundation model
96Rank 12.5
8
CSBrainFoundation model
104Rank 12.7
9
CBraModFoundation model
104Rank 13.3
10
ATCNetBaseline model
98Rank 13.9
11
CTNetBaseline model
104Rank 14.1
12
CodeBrainFoundation model
104Rank 14.3
13
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
104Rank 14.3
14
SleepTransformerBaseline model
104Rank 15.0
15
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
104Rank 15.1
16
IFNetBaseline model
104Rank 15.2
17
REVE · LargeFoundation model
100Rank 15.5
18
SlimSeizBaseline model
104Rank 15.9
19
EEGConformerBaseline model
104Rank 16.5
20
BiDANNBaseline model
104Rank 17.2
21
TSceptionBaseline model
102Rank 17.5
22
FBCNetBaseline model
104Rank 18.2
23
TMSA-NetBaseline model
104Rank 18.5
24
EEGPTFoundation model
84Rank 18.9
25
MSCFormerBaseline model
104Rank 20.2
26
DeepConvNetBaseline model
104Rank 20.8
27
DBConformerBaseline model
104Rank 20.8
28
EEGNetBaseline model
103Rank 20.8
29
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
104Rank 24.4
30
MSVTNetBaseline model
104Rank 24.9
31
BENDRFoundation model
84Rank 25.1
32
ADFCNNBaseline model
104Rank 27.9
33
YASABaseline model
104Rank 28.9
34
HSLTBaseline model
89Rank 29.9

Channel-Constrained Tasks · Top-N Frequency

Channel-constrained task splits are ranked separately because several models are only valid on a narrower input space.

Top 5

Frequency order
1
CBraModFoundation model
12Rank 6.8
2
ATCNetBaseline model
11Rank 6.8
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
9Rank 4.8
4
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
7Rank 4.6
5
CTNetBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
6
CSBrainFoundation model
6Rank 9.3
7
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
6Rank 7.4
8
CodeBrainFoundation model
5Rank 10.8
9
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
5Rank 7.7
10
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
5Rank 10.6
11
EEGNetBaseline model
4Rank 9.6
12
ADFCNNBaseline model
4Rank 11.7
13
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
4Rank 7.9
14
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
3Rank 7.9
15
DBConformerBaseline model
3Rank 10.2
16
DeepConvNetBaseline model
3Rank 11.0
17
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
2Rank 10.5
18
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
1Rank 9.2
19
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
1Rank 11.1
20
YASABaseline model
1Rank 16.6
21
LEADFoundation model
1Rank 4.5
22
TSceptionBaseline model
1Rank 11.6
23
BiDANNBaseline model
1Rank 14.8
24
EEGNeXBaseline model
1Rank 16.4
25
NeuroGPTFoundation model
1Rank 7.5
26
MIRepNetFoundation model
1Rank 9.0
27
REVE · BaseFoundation model
1Rank 19.0
28
TMSA-NetBaseline model
0Rank 12.3
29
EEGMambaFoundation model
0Rank 16.9
30
LaBraMFoundation model
0Rank 12.2
31
NeuroRVQFoundation model
0Rank 13.9
32
EEGPTFoundation model
0Rank 15.0
33
EEGConformerBaseline model
0Rank 19.0
34
SlimSeizBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
35
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
0Rank 19.3
36
FBCNetBaseline model
0Rank 20.3
37
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.1
38
IFNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.6
39
REVE · LargeFoundation model
0Rank 18.6
40
U-SleepBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 10

Frequency order
1
CBraModFoundation model
18Rank 6.8
2
ATCNetBaseline model
18Rank 6.8
3
CTNetBaseline model
13Rank 10.6
4
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
5
CSBrainFoundation model
12Rank 9.3
6
CodeBrainFoundation model
12Rank 10.8
7
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
12Rank 10.5
8
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
11Rank 4.8
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
10Rank 7.9
10
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
8Rank 7.4
11
DBConformerBaseline model
8Rank 10.2
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
8Rank 9.2
13
EEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 9.6
14
ADFCNNBaseline model
7Rank 11.7
15
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
6Rank 7.7
16
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
17
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
5Rank 7.9
18
DeepConvNetBaseline model
5Rank 11.0
19
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
5Rank 11.1
20
YASABaseline model
4Rank 16.6
21
TMSA-NetBaseline model
3Rank 12.3
22
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
23
TSceptionBaseline model
2Rank 11.6
24
BiDANNBaseline model
2Rank 14.8
25
EEGNeXBaseline model
2Rank 16.4
26
EEGMambaFoundation model
2Rank 16.9
27
NeuroGPTFoundation model
1Rank 7.5
28
MIRepNetFoundation model
1Rank 9.0
29
REVE · BaseFoundation model
1Rank 19.0
30
LaBraMFoundation model
1Rank 12.2
31
NeuroRVQFoundation model
1Rank 13.9
32
EEGPTFoundation model
1Rank 15.0
33
EEGConformerBaseline model
1Rank 19.0
34
SlimSeizBaseline model
1Rank 19.1
35
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
1Rank 19.3
36
FBCNetBaseline model
1Rank 20.3
37
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.1
38
IFNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.6
39
REVE · LargeFoundation model
0Rank 18.6
40
U-SleepBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 20

Frequency order
1
ATCNetBaseline model
20Rank 6.8
2
ADFCNNBaseline model
20Rank 11.7
3
CBraModFoundation model
18Rank 6.8
4
BiDANNBaseline model
18Rank 14.8
5
CSBrainFoundation model
17Rank 9.3
6
CTNetBaseline model
16Rank 10.6
7
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
16Rank 10.5
8
CodeBrainFoundation model
14Rank 10.8
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
10
DBConformerBaseline model
14Rank 10.2
11
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
12
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
13
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
14
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
15
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
16
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
17
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
8Rank 7.7
18
DeepConvNetBaseline model
8Rank 11.0
19
MSVTNetBaseline model
8Rank 16.1
20
EEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 9.6
21
U-SleepBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
22
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
23
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
6Rank 7.9
24
YASABaseline model
6Rank 16.6
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
26
TSceptionBaseline model
6Rank 11.6
27
IFNetBaseline model
6Rank 16.6
28
EEGMambaFoundation model
5Rank 16.9
29
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
30
EEGConformerBaseline model
5Rank 19.0
31
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
5Rank 19.3
32
REVE · LargeFoundation model
5Rank 18.6
33
SlimSeizBaseline model
4Rank 19.1
34
REVE · BaseFoundation model
3Rank 19.0
35
FBCNetBaseline model
3Rank 20.3
36
SleepTransformerBaseline model
3Rank 20.6
37
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
38
EEGNeXBaseline model
2Rank 16.4
39
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
40
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
41
EEGPTFoundation model
1Rank 15.0
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 30

Frequency order
1
ATCNetBaseline model
21Rank 6.8
2
ADFCNNBaseline model
21Rank 11.7
3
CTNetBaseline model
20Rank 10.6
4
CBraModFoundation model
19Rank 6.8
5
CSBrainFoundation model
19Rank 9.3
6
BiDANNBaseline model
19Rank 14.8
7
CodeBrainFoundation model
18Rank 10.8
8
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 10.5
9
DBConformerBaseline model
15Rank 10.2
10
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
11
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
12
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
13
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
14
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
15
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
16
EEGNetBaseline model
9Rank 9.6
17
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
9Rank 7.7
18
DeepConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.0
19
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
20
MSVTNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.1
21
IFNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.6
22
U-SleepBaseline model
9Rank 19.1
23
YASABaseline model
8Rank 16.6
24
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
8Rank 19.3
25
FBCNetBaseline model
8Rank 20.3
26
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
7Rank 10.6
27
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 7.9
28
TSceptionBaseline model
7Rank 11.6
29
EEGMambaFoundation model
7Rank 16.9
30
EEGConformerBaseline model
7Rank 19.0
31
SlimSeizBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
32
SleepTransformerBaseline model
7Rank 20.6
33
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
34
REVE · BaseFoundation model
6Rank 19.0
35
REVE · LargeFoundation model
6Rank 18.6
36
EEGNeXBaseline model
5Rank 16.4
37
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
38
MSCFormerBaseline model
3Rank 24.7
39
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
40
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
41
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
42
EEGPTFoundation model
2Rank 15.0
43
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 40

Frequency order
1
ATCNetBaseline model
21Rank 6.8
2
ADFCNNBaseline model
21Rank 11.7
3
CBraModFoundation model
20Rank 6.8
4
CTNetBaseline model
20Rank 10.6
5
BiDANNBaseline model
20Rank 14.8
6
CSBrainFoundation model
19Rank 9.3
7
CodeBrainFoundation model
18Rank 10.8
8
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 10.5
9
DBConformerBaseline model
15Rank 10.2
10
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
11
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
12
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
13
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
14
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
15
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
16
EEGNetBaseline model
9Rank 9.6
17
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
9Rank 7.7
18
DeepConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.0
19
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
20
YASABaseline model
9Rank 16.6
21
MSVTNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.1
22
IFNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.6
23
U-SleepBaseline model
9Rank 19.1
24
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
8Rank 10.6
25
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
8Rank 19.3
26
FBCNetBaseline model
8Rank 20.3
27
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 7.9
28
TSceptionBaseline model
7Rank 11.6
29
EEGMambaFoundation model
7Rank 16.9
30
EEGConformerBaseline model
7Rank 19.0
31
SlimSeizBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
32
REVE · LargeFoundation model
7Rank 18.6
33
SleepTransformerBaseline model
7Rank 20.6
34
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
35
REVE · BaseFoundation model
6Rank 19.0
36
EEGNeXBaseline model
5Rank 16.4
37
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
38
MSCFormerBaseline model
3Rank 24.7
39
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
40
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
41
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
42
EEGPTFoundation model
2Rank 15.0
43
HSLTBaseline model
2Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
2Rank 34.0

Channel-Constrained Tasks · Mean Rank

The channel-constrained task group is also ordered by mean rank, which is less sensitive to different task counts.

Top 5

Mean rank order
1
LEADFoundation model
1Rank 4.5
2
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
7Rank 4.6
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
9Rank 4.8
4
CBraModFoundation model
12Rank 6.8
5
ATCNetBaseline model
11Rank 6.8
6
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
6Rank 7.4
7
NeuroGPTFoundation model
1Rank 7.5
8
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
5Rank 7.7
9
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
4Rank 7.9
10
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
3Rank 7.9
11
MIRepNetFoundation model
1Rank 9.0
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
1Rank 9.2
13
CSBrainFoundation model
6Rank 9.3
14
EEGNetBaseline model
4Rank 9.6
15
DBConformerBaseline model
3Rank 10.2
16
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
2Rank 10.5
17
CTNetBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
5Rank 10.6
19
CodeBrainFoundation model
5Rank 10.8
20
DeepConvNetBaseline model
3Rank 11.0
21
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
1Rank 11.1
22
TSceptionBaseline model
1Rank 11.6
23
ADFCNNBaseline model
4Rank 11.7
24
LaBraMFoundation model
0Rank 12.2
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
0Rank 12.3
26
NeuroRVQFoundation model
0Rank 13.9
27
BiDANNBaseline model
1Rank 14.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
0Rank 15.0
29
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.1
30
EEGNeXBaseline model
1Rank 16.4
31
YASABaseline model
1Rank 16.6
32
IFNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.6
33
EEGMambaFoundation model
0Rank 16.9
34
REVE · LargeFoundation model
0Rank 18.6
35
REVE · BaseFoundation model
1Rank 19.0
36
EEGConformerBaseline model
0Rank 19.0
37
U-SleepBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
38
SlimSeizBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
39
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
0Rank 19.3
40
FBCNetBaseline model
0Rank 20.3
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 10

Mean rank order
1
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
2
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
11Rank 4.8
4
CBraModFoundation model
18Rank 6.8
5
ATCNetBaseline model
18Rank 6.8
6
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
8Rank 7.4
7
NeuroGPTFoundation model
1Rank 7.5
8
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
6Rank 7.7
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
10Rank 7.9
10
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
5Rank 7.9
11
MIRepNetFoundation model
1Rank 9.0
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
8Rank 9.2
13
CSBrainFoundation model
12Rank 9.3
14
EEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 9.6
15
DBConformerBaseline model
8Rank 10.2
16
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
12Rank 10.5
17
CTNetBaseline model
13Rank 10.6
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
19
CodeBrainFoundation model
12Rank 10.8
20
DeepConvNetBaseline model
5Rank 11.0
21
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
5Rank 11.1
22
TSceptionBaseline model
2Rank 11.6
23
ADFCNNBaseline model
7Rank 11.7
24
LaBraMFoundation model
1Rank 12.2
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
3Rank 12.3
26
NeuroRVQFoundation model
1Rank 13.9
27
BiDANNBaseline model
2Rank 14.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
1Rank 15.0
29
MSVTNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.1
30
EEGNeXBaseline model
2Rank 16.4
31
YASABaseline model
4Rank 16.6
32
IFNetBaseline model
0Rank 16.6
33
EEGMambaFoundation model
2Rank 16.9
34
REVE · LargeFoundation model
0Rank 18.6
35
REVE · BaseFoundation model
1Rank 19.0
36
EEGConformerBaseline model
1Rank 19.0
37
U-SleepBaseline model
0Rank 19.1
38
SlimSeizBaseline model
1Rank 19.1
39
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
1Rank 19.3
40
FBCNetBaseline model
1Rank 20.3
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
0Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 20

Mean rank order
1
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
2
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
4
CBraModFoundation model
18Rank 6.8
5
ATCNetBaseline model
20Rank 6.8
6
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
7
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
8
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
8Rank 7.7
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
10
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
6Rank 7.9
11
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
13
CSBrainFoundation model
17Rank 9.3
14
EEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 9.6
15
DBConformerBaseline model
14Rank 10.2
16
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
16Rank 10.5
17
CTNetBaseline model
16Rank 10.6
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
6Rank 10.6
19
CodeBrainFoundation model
14Rank 10.8
20
DeepConvNetBaseline model
8Rank 11.0
21
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
22
TSceptionBaseline model
6Rank 11.6
23
ADFCNNBaseline model
20Rank 11.7
24
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
26
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
27
BiDANNBaseline model
18Rank 14.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
1Rank 15.0
29
MSVTNetBaseline model
8Rank 16.1
30
EEGNeXBaseline model
2Rank 16.4
31
YASABaseline model
6Rank 16.6
32
IFNetBaseline model
6Rank 16.6
33
EEGMambaFoundation model
5Rank 16.9
34
REVE · LargeFoundation model
5Rank 18.6
35
EEGConformerBaseline model
5Rank 19.0
36
REVE · BaseFoundation model
3Rank 19.0
37
U-SleepBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
38
SlimSeizBaseline model
4Rank 19.1
39
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
5Rank 19.3
40
FBCNetBaseline model
3Rank 20.3
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
3Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
0Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
0Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 30

Mean rank order
1
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
2
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
4
CBraModFoundation model
19Rank 6.8
5
ATCNetBaseline model
21Rank 6.8
6
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
7
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
8
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
9Rank 7.7
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
10
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 7.9
11
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
13
CSBrainFoundation model
19Rank 9.3
14
EEGNetBaseline model
9Rank 9.6
15
DBConformerBaseline model
15Rank 10.2
16
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 10.5
17
CTNetBaseline model
20Rank 10.6
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
7Rank 10.6
19
CodeBrainFoundation model
18Rank 10.8
20
DeepConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.0
21
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
22
TSceptionBaseline model
7Rank 11.6
23
ADFCNNBaseline model
21Rank 11.7
24
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
26
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
27
BiDANNBaseline model
19Rank 14.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
2Rank 15.0
29
MSVTNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.1
30
EEGNeXBaseline model
5Rank 16.4
31
IFNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.6
32
YASABaseline model
8Rank 16.6
33
EEGMambaFoundation model
7Rank 16.9
34
REVE · LargeFoundation model
6Rank 18.6
35
EEGConformerBaseline model
7Rank 19.0
36
REVE · BaseFoundation model
6Rank 19.0
37
U-SleepBaseline model
9Rank 19.1
38
SlimSeizBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
39
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
8Rank 19.3
40
FBCNetBaseline model
8Rank 20.3
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
7Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
3Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
1Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
0Rank 34.0

Top 40

Mean rank order
1
LEADFoundation model
2Rank 4.5
2
BIOT · Shhs Prest 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.6
3
BIOT · Six Datasets 18chFoundation model
12Rank 4.8
4
CBraModFoundation model
20Rank 6.8
5
ATCNetBaseline model
21Rank 6.8
6
BIOT · Prest 16chFoundation model
12Rank 7.4
7
NeuroGPTFoundation model
2Rank 7.5
8
EEGWaveNetBaseline model
9Rank 7.7
9
LUNA · BaseFoundation model
14Rank 7.9
10
SleepEEGNetBaseline model
7Rank 7.9
11
MIRepNetFoundation model
2Rank 9.0
12
LUNA · HugeFoundation model
11Rank 9.2
13
CSBrainFoundation model
19Rank 9.3
14
EEGNetBaseline model
9Rank 9.6
15
DBConformerBaseline model
15Rank 10.2
16
LUNA · LargeFoundation model
18Rank 10.5
17
CTNetBaseline model
20Rank 10.6
18
EEGInceptionERPBaseline model
8Rank 10.6
19
CodeBrainFoundation model
18Rank 10.8
20
DeepConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.0
21
ShallowConvNetBaseline model
9Rank 11.1
22
TSceptionBaseline model
7Rank 11.6
23
ADFCNNBaseline model
21Rank 11.7
24
LaBraMFoundation model
5Rank 12.2
25
TMSA-NetBaseline model
6Rank 12.3
26
NeuroRVQFoundation model
11Rank 13.9
27
BiDANNBaseline model
20Rank 14.8
28
EEGPTFoundation model
2Rank 15.0
29
MSVTNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.1
30
EEGNeXBaseline model
5Rank 16.4
31
YASABaseline model
9Rank 16.6
32
IFNetBaseline model
9Rank 16.6
33
EEGMambaFoundation model
7Rank 16.9
34
REVE · LargeFoundation model
7Rank 18.6
35
EEGConformerBaseline model
7Rank 19.0
36
REVE · BaseFoundation model
6Rank 19.0
37
U-SleepBaseline model
9Rank 19.1
38
SlimSeizBaseline model
7Rank 19.1
39
DeepSleepNetBaseline model
8Rank 19.3
40
FBCNetBaseline model
8Rank 20.3
41
SleepTransformerBaseline model
7Rank 20.6
42
MSCFormerBaseline model
3Rank 24.7
43
HSLTBaseline model
2Rank 30.5
44
BENDRFoundation model
2Rank 34.0

Overall Performance Gain (Δ)

For each dataset-task split, Δ is computed as ΔFM=S*FMS*baseline; positive values mean the best foundation model outperforms the best baseline.

EEG FMs perform betterSupervised baselines perform better

Positive EEG-FM gains are concentrated in ERP, Clinical, and part of Motor Imagery, while strong supervised baselines remain competitive in MI, Auditory, Emotion, and Migraine settings.